Bio Flashcards
who is robert hooke
First one to describe cells and look at a dead cell
who is Antoine Van leewenboek
first one to see living moving cells
who is matthias shleiden
stated that plants were made out of cells
Who is Theodore shwann
Stated that animals are made out of cells
who is robert brown
Discovered the nucleus in plant cells
who is francesco redi
disaproved the theory of spontaneous generation
who is louis pasteur
proved beyond a reasonable doubt that spontaneous generation of life does not now occur
who is rudolph Virchow
Observed cells dividing and stated that cells are formed by the division of pre-existing cells(biogenesis)
What is a Prokaryotic cells
are simple cells without a distinct membrane bound nucleus.
what is a Eukaryotic cells
More complex cells with membrane bound neclues
cell wall
Protects plant cells from mechanical damage
cell membrane
A selectivly permiable(controls what goes in and out) barrier between the inside and outside of the cell
Cytoplasm
A semifluid containing dissolved substances that are found between the spaces of the organelles
nucleus
contains dna and the genetic material of the cell. Ribosomes are produced in the nucleolus
ribosomes
Small complexes that translate genetic information into protein.
ER rough
Studded with ribosomes and Packages and transports protein
Er smooth
Synthesizes Lipids and packages them for transport.
Golgi apparatus
transport, sorting and modification of both protein and lipid
Lysosomes
Breakdown food particles, kill infections and recycle damaged or worn out cells.(Suicide cell)
Vacuoles(vesicles)
Storage of food,water, minerals
Central Vacuoles
store nutrients and water on which a cell can rely for its survival
Mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell. Generates energy(ATP)
Chloroplasts
Photosynthesis occurs and converts light energy into food
which way do the phosphate heads faces
outwards
the phosphate head is ______
Hydrophilic
The fatty acid tails are ______
hydrophobic
where can proteins be found in the membrane
embedded in or attached to the phospholipid area
non polar molecules are ________
hydrophobic
Polar molecules are ________
hydrophilic
Charged Molecules are ________-
have a sphere of wter that prevents them passing through the membrane
simple diffusion
random motion of molecules that go from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.
does passive transport require energy?
no
what molecules can diffuse through the pores in the phospholipid area?
smalll,non polar, uncharges solute
hypotonic
the solute concentration is less than of the cell.burst
isotonic
the solute concentration of the solution is the same as that of the cell
hypertonic
the solute concentration of the solution is more than the cell.shrivel
where does water go in hypotonic
osmosis occurs and water moves in
where does water go in hypertonic
osmosis occurs. water moves out.
Hypotonic enviroment causes animal cells to
swell and lyse(Burst)
hypertonic enviroments cause cells to
shrivel
what environment do animals do best in?
isotonic
isotonic environment cause plant cells to become
flacid
plants do best in
hypotonic environment because pressure pushes out on the cell taht keeps the plant firm
what is facilitated diffusion
is diffusion using the help from transport proteins
transport proteins allow
small,polar molecules or ions
what is active transport
uses energy to move solutes against their concentration graident.
carrier protien
undergoes a change in shape.
