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Bio Flashcards

1
Q

who is robert hooke

A

First one to describe cells and look at a dead cell

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2
Q

who is Antoine Van leewenboek

A

first one to see living moving cells

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3
Q

who is matthias shleiden

A

stated that plants were made out of cells

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4
Q

Who is Theodore shwann

A

Stated that animals are made out of cells

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5
Q

who is robert brown

A

Discovered the nucleus in plant cells

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6
Q

who is francesco redi

A

disaproved the theory of spontaneous generation

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7
Q

who is louis pasteur

A

proved beyond a reasonable doubt that spontaneous generation of life does not now occur

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8
Q

who is rudolph Virchow

A

Observed cells dividing and stated that cells are formed by the division of pre-existing cells(biogenesis)

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9
Q

What is a Prokaryotic cells

A

are simple cells without a distinct membrane bound nucleus.

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10
Q

what is a Eukaryotic cells

A

More complex cells with membrane bound neclues

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11
Q

cell wall

A

Protects plant cells from mechanical damage

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12
Q

cell membrane

A

A selectivly permiable(controls what goes in and out) barrier between the inside and outside of the cell

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13
Q

Cytoplasm

A

A semifluid containing dissolved substances that are found between the spaces of the organelles

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14
Q

nucleus

A

contains dna and the genetic material of the cell. Ribosomes are produced in the nucleolus

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15
Q

ribosomes

A

Small complexes that translate genetic information into protein.

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16
Q

ER rough

A

Studded with ribosomes and Packages and transports protein

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17
Q

Er smooth

A

Synthesizes Lipids and packages them for transport.

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18
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

transport, sorting and modification of both protein and lipid

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19
Q

Lysosomes

A

Breakdown food particles, kill infections and recycle damaged or worn out cells.(Suicide cell)

20
Q

Vacuoles(vesicles)

A

Storage of food,water, minerals

21
Q

Central Vacuoles

A

store nutrients and water on which a cell can rely for its survival

22
Q

Mitochondria

A

powerhouse of the cell. Generates energy(ATP)

23
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Photosynthesis occurs and converts light energy into food

24
Q

which way do the phosphate heads faces

A

outwards

25
Q

the phosphate head is ______

A

Hydrophilic

26
Q

The fatty acid tails are ______

A

hydrophobic

27
Q

where can proteins be found in the membrane

A

embedded in or attached to the phospholipid area

28
Q

non polar molecules are ________

A

hydrophobic

29
Q

Polar molecules are ________

A

hydrophilic

30
Q

Charged Molecules are ________-

A

have a sphere of wter that prevents them passing through the membrane

31
Q

simple diffusion

A

random motion of molecules that go from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

32
Q

does passive transport require energy?

A

no

33
Q

what molecules can diffuse through the pores in the phospholipid area?

A

smalll,non polar, uncharges solute

34
Q

hypotonic

A

the solute concentration is less than of the cell.burst

35
Q

isotonic

A

the solute concentration of the solution is the same as that of the cell

36
Q

hypertonic

A

the solute concentration of the solution is more than the cell.shrivel

37
Q

where does water go in hypotonic

A

osmosis occurs and water moves in

38
Q

where does water go in hypertonic

A

osmosis occurs. water moves out.

39
Q

Hypotonic enviroment causes animal cells to

A

swell and lyse(Burst)

40
Q

hypertonic enviroments cause cells to

A

shrivel

41
Q

what environment do animals do best in?

A

isotonic

42
Q

isotonic environment cause plant cells to become

A

flacid

43
Q

plants do best in

A

hypotonic environment because pressure pushes out on the cell taht keeps the plant firm

44
Q

what is facilitated diffusion

A

is diffusion using the help from transport proteins

45
Q

transport proteins allow

A

small,polar molecules or ions

46
Q

what is active transport

A

uses energy to move solutes against their concentration graident.

47
Q

carrier protien

A

undergoes a change in shape.

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