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Climate Flashcards

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1
Q

why does india have tropical monsoon type climate

A

because India lies in the tropic belt and its climate is influenced by the monsoon winds which are largely confined to the tropics

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2
Q

characterisitics of tropical monsoon climate

A

hot summers and dry winters

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3
Q

continental climate’s effect on Indian climate

A

continental climate:
1. prevalence of land winds
2. dryness of air
3. large diurnal range

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4
Q

effect of indian ocean on Indian climate

A

hot monsoon climate

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5
Q

Example of temperature contrast

A

Barmer in Rajastan records 48 or 50 C in June, while it is 22 C in Pahalgam or Gulmarg. Dras near Kargil can go down to -40 C in winters

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6
Q

example of rainfall difference

A

Cherrapunji and Mawsynram get 1100 cm rain in a year, while Jaisalmer receives 9 cm

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7
Q

factors affecting climate of India

A
  1. himalayas
  2. varied relief
  3. monsoon relief
  4. latitude
  5. altitude
  6. influence by surrounding seas
  7. western disturbances
  8. jet streams
  9. distance from sea
  10. El-Nino effect
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8
Q

functions of himalayas

A
  1. prevent cold siberian winds from entering india
  2. forces south west monsoon winds to shed moisture in india
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9
Q

GR: how does varied relief play and important role?

A
  1. Western side of western ghats get heavy rainfall because it is the windward side
  2. deccan plateau gets less rainfall because it lies in the leeward side of western ghats
  3. rajasthan is dry because the aravalli range is parallel to SW monsoon winds, and is unable to block the winds
  4. southern hills of assam get more rainfall because they force moisture laden winds to shed their moisture before moving northwards
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10
Q

where does SW monsoon occur

A

over entire indian subcontinent, leaving tibet dry because it is in rain shadow region

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11
Q

where does retreating monsoon occur

A

eastern coastal region

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12
Q

what are western disturbances

A

in winter, due to shifting of pressure belts from 20 N to 50 N, north India gets winds and cyclones from mediterranean sea

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13
Q

effect of winds and cyclones from mediterranean sea during winter

A

bring rain to northern plains
snow in jammu and kashmir
wheat cultivation in punjab

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14
Q

jet streams

A

westerly jets- north indian plains during winter
easterly jets- steers the tropical depression over india
highest rainfall occurs along the depressions

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15
Q

what is El-Nino effect

A

the abnormal warming of surface waters in the equatorial pacific regions (peru coast). it affects movement of monsoon winds in the Indian ocean, resulting in drier conditions and delay in monsoon

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16
Q

two wind systems of monsoon

A
  1. summer monsoon
  2. winter monsoon
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17
Q

summer monsoon

A

in may, june, and july, land gets heated by vertical rays of the sun. low pressure on land, and high pressure on sea. winds move from land to sea, causing SW SUMMER MONSOON

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18
Q

winter monsoon

A

in winter season, there is high pressure on land and low over sea. as winds blow from land to sea, they bring cold dry weather. causes NE WINTER MONSOON when winds blow over adjoining land and bring rainfall to TN and AP

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19
Q

four seasons of india

A
  1. hot and dry summer (March-May)
  2. SW summer monsoon (June-September)
  3. Retreating SW monsoon (Oct-Nov)
  4. NE winter monsoon (Dec- Feb)
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20
Q

temperature during hot, dry summer

A
  1. northward movement of sun’s vertical rays leads to increase in length of days
  2. 30 C to 32 C in India
  3. diurnal range is large in interior
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21
Q

pressure conditions during hot, dry summer

A
  1. warmest area shifts from Deccan to NW india
  2. high pressure from Cape Comorin to Arabian sea
  3. Low pressure from center to Indus and Baluchistan
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22
Q

storms and rainfall during hot, dry summer

A

thunderstorms and strong dusty winds
shower of rain in Punjab, haryana, UP

23
Q

local winds during hot, dry summer

A
  1. loo
  2. dust-storms in punjab, haryana, UP
  3. Kalbaisakhi
  4. Bardoli Chheerha
  5. mango showers and cherry blossoms
24
Q

loo

A
  1. north and NW india
  2. 45 C - 50 C
  3. cause heatstrokes
25
Q

Kalbaisakhi

A
  1. thunderstorms accompanied with strong winds
  2. west bengal and assam
26
Q

Bardoli Cheerha

A
  1. assam
  2. originate over chota nagpur plateau
  3. rainfall in assam, west bengal, odisha
  4. jute and rice in west bengal
  5. tea in assam
27
Q

mango showers and cherry blossoms

A
  1. kerala and karnataka coasts
  2. early ripening of mango
28
Q

south west monsoon season

A

intense low pressure attracts SE trade winds from southern hemisphere. in the north, they deflect towards right due to coriolis force, becoming SW monsoon.

29
Q

burst of monsoon

A

violet onset of rain in the first week of june

30
Q

break of monsoon

A

no rainfall for two or more weeks and there is a dry period

31
Q

branches of SW monsoon winds

A
  1. Arabian sea branch
  2. Bay of Bengal branches
32
Q

three branches of arabian sea branch of SW monsoon

A
  1. obstructed by western ghats, cause rainfall on western coastal plains
  2. strikes the coast north of mumbai. moves over narmada and tapi, causing rainfall in central india. further mingles with bay of bengal branch
  3. Saurashtra peninsula and Kutch, passes over Rajasthan and aravalli. joins bay of bengal branch in punjab and haryana, causing rainfall in western himalayas
33
Q

bay of bengal branch of SW monsoon

A

directed towards coast of Myanmar, SE bangladesh. due to Arakan hills in Myanmar coast, winds are deflected to India

34
Q

branches of bay of bengal branch of SW monsoon

A
  1. ganga plains
  2. brahmaputra valley
35
Q

change in rainfal from east to west

A

decrease in rainfall from east to west

36
Q

why does TN remain dry during SW monsoon

A
  1. parallel to bay of bengal branch
  2. lies on leeward side of arabian sea branch
37
Q

retreating monsoon

A

a) the monsoon trough of low pressure gets weaker because the sun moves southward.
b) low pressure becomes high pressure.
c) clear skies and drop in night temperature.
d) combo of high pressure and humidity causes oppressive weather (october heat)
e) low pressure formed at centre of bay of bengal, marked by cyclones that originate on Andaman sea. they bring rain to TN and Odisha.

38
Q

what are tropical cyclones

A

tropical depressions arising in the bay of bengal caused by local variations of heat and moisture. occur during november and december.

39
Q

where do tropical cyclones occur

A

between 12 N and 17 N. travel west or NW over bay of bengal.

40
Q

temperature during NE monsoon

A
  1. clear skies with dry weather
  2. warm days, cold nights
  3. temp decreases from south to north
41
Q

coldest place in india

A

Dras valley near Kargil with -45 C.

42
Q

reasons for excessive cold in north india during NE monsoon

A
  1. in Feb, cold winds from Caspian sea and Turkmenistan bring cold waves
  2. punjab, haryana, rajasthan are landlocked and do not experience sea’s moderating effect
  3. snowfall in himalayan ranges
43
Q

pressure conditions during NE monsoon

A
  1. high pressure in NW india because of oblique sun rays
  2. NE trade winds prevail over country, moving from land to sea
44
Q

where do western disturbances originate

A

low pressure systems originate in west asia and near Mediterranean sea. they travel east across iran and pakistan

45
Q

importance of winter rainfall

A

cultivation of rabi crops

46
Q

area receiving winter rainfall in india

A
  1. central and northern parts
  2. weak temperate cyclones in delhi, haryana, punjab, UP
  3. NE india
  4. TN, southern tip of AP
47
Q

sources of rainfall for Punjab and Haryana

A
  1. western disturbances
  2. SW monsoon- arabian sea branch
  3. SW monsoon- bay of bengal branch
48
Q

sources of rainfall for TN coast

A
  1. SW monsoon
  2. NE monsoon
  3. Retreating monsoon
49
Q

how is distribution of rainfall determined

A
  1. pressure conditions and direction of relief features
  2. direction of winds
  3. cyclonic depression
50
Q

heavy rainfall regions

A
  1. windward side of western ghats
  2. meghalaya hills, southern slope of eastern himalayas
51
Q

moderate rainfall regions

A
  1. north Andhra pradesh, south tamil nadu
  2. middle ganga valley, eastern maharashtra and madhya pradesh
52
Q

low rainfall regions

A
  1. parts of deccan plateau(karnataka, AP, TN)
  2. eastern rajasthan, punjab, haryana, kashmir
53
Q

scanty rainfall regions

A
  1. south punjab, west rajasthan, ladakh
  2. rainshadow regions of western ghats
54
Q

features of rainfall in india

A
  1. rainfall over three months and rest of the year is dry
  2. relief rainfall mainly
  3. only small portion of rain from sources other than monsoon
  4. erratic, unpredictable rainfall
  5. india’s agriculture, hence economy, depends on rainfall

Geography (14 decks)

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