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Agro-Based Industries Flashcards

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1
Q

need for rapid industrialization in india

A
  1. provides support and strength to our agricultural base
  2. industries provide goods and equipment required for defence of country
  3. to make India self-reliant and independent for all its needs
  4. to maintain a favourable balance of trades
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2
Q

factors affecting location of industries

A
  1. geographical factors
  2. commercial factors
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3
Q

geographical factors

A
  1. raw materials- availability of raw material nearby reduces the cost of transportation
  2. power supply- in coal deficient peninsular region, industries could develop by using hydel power instead of thermal power
  3. water- required for development of industries as it is needed for cleaning, cooling, washing, etc
  4. transport- required to carry raw materials to manufacturing units and finished products to market
  5. labour- availability of skilled and unskilled manpower is an important factor in the location of industries
  6. climate- plays a significant factor in location of industries, especially agro-based
  7. market- existence of market is the ultimate requirement of every industry because whatever is produced needs to be sold
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4
Q

why cotton grows in Maharashtra

A

moist climate
black soil

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5
Q

Commercial Factors

A
  1. the role of the government- government has a significant role in industrialisation process, in developing and under-developed countries
  2. capital- capital is required at every stage of setting up and running an industrial concern
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6
Q

classification of industries

A
  1. on the basis of raw materials
  2. on the basis of nature of products
  3. on the basis of investment and turnover
  4. on the basis of ownership
  5. on the basis of location and market
  6. on the basis of finished product or function
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7
Q

on the basis of raw material

A
  1. agro-based industries: depend on raw materials produced by agricultural sector. Ex: cotton, jute, textile
  2. mineral-based: use minerals as raw materials, and based on ferrous and non ferrous metallurgical processes. Ex: iron and steel, machine tool, cement, fertilisers
  3. animal-based: woollens, silk, dairy products, hides
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8
Q

on the basis of nature of products

A
  1. heavy industries: produce capital goods and consumer durables which are bulky. require huge capital, scientific knowledge, complex machinery
  2. light industries: produce goods that are light in weight like cycles, sewing machines. require less capital and less workers
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9
Q

on the basis of investment and turnover

A
  1. micro enterprise: investment in plant and machinery does on exceed one crore, and annual turnover does not exceed five crore
  2. small enterprise: investment does not exceed ten crore, annual turnover does not exceed fifty crore
  3. medium enterprise: investment does not exceed fifty crore, annual turnover does not exceed 250 crore
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10
Q

on the basis of ownership

A
  1. public sector: owned and managed by central or state govt. Ex: railways, post and telegraph, oil refineries, heavy engineering
  2. private sector: owned and managed by an individual or group of individuals
  3. joint sector: owned, managed, controlled jointly by the private entrepreneur and the government
  4. cooperative sector: means by which people with limited resources can pool their physical and material resources
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11
Q

public sector industries

A

Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd
Gas Authority of India ltd
Indian Oil Corporation
Steel Authority of India ltd

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12
Q

private sector industries

A

Reliance India ltd
Infosys
Wipro

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13
Q

joint sector industries

A

Automobile Corporation of Goa ltd with TELCO
Ipitata Sponge Iron ltd with TISCO

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14
Q

cooperative sector industries

A

Anand Cooperative Society in GJ

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15
Q

on the basis of location and market

A
  1. village: fulfil basic needs of the local markets, and all its requirements like raw materials, skills, labour, etc are met within the village
  2. cottage/household: organised by individuals with private resources and with the help of members of households
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16
Q

on the basis of finished product or function

A
  1. basic industry: core industries on which other industries depend on their manufacturing. ex: iron and steel, petroleum
  2. secondary/consumer: process the basic raw materials into primary goods for direct use by consumers. ex” sugar, textiles, paper
  3. tertiary: provide public utility based services like railways, transport, banking, post, telegraph
  4. ancillary: manufacture components, tools, machines required by big industries. ex: automobile provide equipment like tyres, batteries
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17
Q

what are foot loose industries?

A

do not require any particular location
ex: toymaking, IT, machinery

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18
Q

major industries of India

A
  1. Hooghly belt
  2. mumbai-pune belt
  3. ahmedabad-vadodara region
  4. chennai-coimbatore-bangalore
  5. chota nagpur plateau region
  6. mathura-delhi-saharanpur-ambala
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19
Q

advantages hooghly belt

A
  1. jute, textiles, engineering, cotton, chemicals, paper
  2. port facilities of Kolkata
  3. proximity to coal
  4. jute and leather producing areas
  5. cheap transport
  6. availability of large quantity of fresh water
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20
Q

advantages of mumbai-pune belt

A
  1. cotton textile, engineering, oil refineries, fertilizer, chemical
  2. development of hydel power in Sahyadris
  3. availability of raw cotton in Maharashtra and GJ
  4. cheap labour from Konkan
  5. port facilities in mumbai
21
Q

advantages of ahmedabad-vadodara region

A
  1. cotton, plastics, fertilizers, chemicals
  2. Uttaran Gas Power Station, Ukai Hydel Project
  3. cheap salt along the coast
  4. raw cotton in south GJ
  5. skilled labour from GJ plains
22
Q

chennai-coimbatore bengaluru region advantages

A
  1. cheap cotton
  2. large market
  3. cheap and skilled labour
  4. cheap hydel power
  5. cotton, silk, engineering, chemical
23
Q

advantages of chota nagpur plateau region

A
  1. produces 80% of india’s coal
  2. availability of iron ore, coal, other industries in close proximity
  3. large scale development of metallurgical industries
24
Q

which place is compared to Ruhr region of West Germany and why

A

chota-nagpur plateau region because of large scale development of metallurgical industries

25
Q

mathura-delhi-saharanpur-ambala region advantages

A
  1. cotton, glass, engineering, chemical, sugar
  2. cheap raw materials
  3. large market
26
Q

largest industrial cities in India

A

mathura-delhi-saharanpur-ambala region has two belts, which merge into a large agglomeration around Delhi

27
Q

why is cotton a major industry in India

A

it directly or indirectly supports more than nearly 40 per cent of the country’s labour force

28
Q

cottonpolis of india

A

Mumbai

29
Q

Lancashire of India

A

Mumbai

30
Q

where is cotton grown in India

A

in drier western parts of Peninsula and the great plains
Maharashtra, Gujarat, Ahmedabad, Mumbai

31
Q

Manchester of India

A

Ahmedabad, second largest cotton producer in India

32
Q

why are Mumbai and Ahmedabad biggest producers of cotton

A
  1. proximity to raw materials (areas of deccan plateau)
  2. climate (humid coastal climate)
  3. transport facilities (rail and road links, sea routes to foreign market)
  4. port facilities (Kandla port facilities)
  5. labour
  6. capital (both cities are financial and commercial centres of the country)
  7. power
  8. market
33
Q

why is there good market for cotton in mumbai and ahmedabad

A

hot climate

34
Q

power source for making cotton in mumbai and gujarat

A

mumbai- tata hydroelectric system in WGs
gujarat- Ukai and Kakrapara hydroelectric projects

35
Q

problems of textile industry

A
  1. shortage of raw material
  2. sick industrial units
  3. loss of foreign market (competition from taiwan, south korea, japan)
  4. inadequate production
  5. shortage of power (coal is difficult to obtain, frequent electricity cuts, load shedding)
  6. obsolete machinery
36
Q

why is there constant threat of closure to cotton industry

A
  1. uncertainty of raw material
  2. low productivity of machines and labour
  3. increasing competition from powerloom sector
  4. lack of modernisation
  5. management problems
37
Q

advantages of handloom industry

A
  1. largest cottage industry
  2. direct employment to 13 million weavers
  3. largest economic activity after agriculture
  4. women empowerment
38
Q

four types of silk

A

mulberry
eri
tasar
muga

39
Q

define sericulture

A

the rearing of silkworms for silk production

40
Q

first modern silk textile factory in india

A

East India Company at Howrah (1832)

41
Q

mulberry silk

A
  1. produced from silkworms which are reared of mulberry trees
  2. bengaluru, mysore, belagavi, srinagar, HP, TN, J&K, AP
42
Q

forerunner of silk

A

karnataka

43
Q

why is karnatake favourable for silk

A

has nurseries, silk farms, licensed seed distributers
favourable climate

44
Q

fourth largest producer of raw silk in india

A

tamil nadu (because of many handlooms)

45
Q

where is tasar silk produced

A

bihar and jharkand

46
Q

assam produces what type of silk

A

non-mulberry (tasar, eri, muga)

47
Q

only muga producing region of india

A

assam

48
Q

problems of silk industry

A
  1. competition from artificial silk (cheaper and better quality)
  2. import of better quality and cheaper raw silk from china
  3. changes in prices of raw silk
  4. no systematic testing and grading of silk
  5. modern power looms for increasing production not present

Geography (14 decks)

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