Classification of Organic Compounds: Functional Groups (Homologous Series) Flashcards
what are heteroatoms ?
functional groups that contain atms other than carbon and oxygen
what are heteroatoms ?
functional groups that contain atms other than carbon and oxygen
most common heteroatoms
- oxygen
- nitrogen
- sulfur
- the halogens.
wha are hydrocarbons ?
organic compounds are based the series of carbon and hydrogen molecules
wha are hydrocarbons ?
organic compounds are based the series of carbon and hydrogen molecules
what compunds are referred to as saturated ?
alkanes
contains maximum number of hydrogen per carbon
which compunds are referred to as unsaturateed?
- alkenes,
- alkynes and
- aromatic compounds
contain multiple carbon bonding
which compunds are referred to as unsaturateed?
- alkenes,
- alkynes and
- aromatic compounds
contain multiple carbon bonding
How many bonds do alkanes have ?
1
how many bods do alkenes have ?
2
how many bonds do aklynes have ?
3
what is aromacity ?
Delocalization of electrons
what are Aromatic hydrocarbons/arenes?
aromatic organic compounds containing solely carbon and hydrogen atoms
what are Aromatic hydrocarbons/arenes?
aromatic organic compounds containing solely carbon and hydrogen atoms
what properties do functional groups determine ?
- Bonding and shape
- Chemical reactions
- Physical properties ( e.g. m.p. B.p.)
- Type of strength of intermolecular forces
What are homologus series ?
- a series of closely related organic coumpounds
- compounds in an homologous series have the same functional group
what are Chlorofluorocarbons ?
- destroy the earth’s protectiveozonelayer(shields the earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV-B) rays)
what are Chlorofluorocarbons ?
- destroy the earth’s protectiveozonelayer(shields the earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV-B) rays)
what are the 2 types of hydrocarbons ?
- Aliphatic
- Aromatic
what are the 2 types of hydrocarbons ?
- Aliphatic
- Aromatic
Ignition test for Aromaticity
Combustion of aromatic compounds provides a yellow sooty flame.
Bromine test for Unsaturation
They decolourise bromine water.
Permanganate test for Unsaturation (Baeyer Test)
Aqueous permanganate rapidly oxidises double and triple bonds whilst being reduced to MnO2, a brown precipitate.
