chemistry general revision (pt1)

Question 1

what is a nucleophile ?

Answer 1

electron rich (negative)

Question 2

what is an electrophile ?

Answer 2

electron deficient (positive)

Question 3

what is a substitution reaction ?

Answer 3

a reaction where an atom is replaced by another atom

Question 4

what is an addition reaction ?

Answer 4

when 2 molecules are added together to form a single product

Question 5

what is an elimination reaction ?

Answer 5

when a molecule splits off from a larger molecule to form a double bond

Question 6

what is electronegativity and how do you know how electronehative an atom is ?

Answer 6

• the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons
• as you move down the periodoc table elecronegativity decreases

Question 7

what is a concerted reaction ?

Answer 7

A one step reaction

Question 8

what is a concerted reaction ?

Answer 8

A one step reaction

Question 9

what is a stepwise reaction ?

Answer 9

a reaction thta involves more tha one step

Question 10

what is homolytic bond bralking ?

Answer 10

when electrons are devided equally between atoms ?

Question 11

what is heterolytic bond breaking ?

Answer 11

when electrons are divided unequally between atoms

Question 12

what does carbocation mean and in what type of bond breaking is it found in ?

Answer 12

• carbocation: carbon surrendered by only 6 carbons and has a positive charge
• heterolytic bond breaking

Question 13

what does carbanions mean and in what type of bond breaking is it found in ?

Answer 13

• carbanions: carbon with a negative charge
• heterolytic bond breaking

Question 14

in which type bonding can free redicals be found ?

Answer 14

homolytic bond breaking

Question 15

what are the typical nucleophiles ?

they are 3

Answer 15

• Sulfur (S)
• Oxygen (O)
• Nitrogen (N)