Classification Of Matter Flashcards
What is a Mixture?
A mixture is two or more substances that are combined physically.
It is either Homogeneous or Heterogeneous.
What is a Pure Substance?
A substance with a specific composition that doesn’t change.
Pure substances are either elements or compounds.
Define Elements
An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down by regular chemical & physical means. Elements are the simplest substances. They are identified by atomic #. All matter is made by elements and combinations of them.
An allotrope is……
A pure element in a different form.
EX- Diamonds and Carbon.
List Oxygen Facts
- Discovered by Karl Scheele & Joseph Priestly.
- Most common element in the Earth’s crust.
- Has two allotropes, diatomic oxygen & ozone.
- Oxygen is very reactive
- Oxygen is necessary for combustion
List Tin Facts
- is silvery white and crystalline
- is very malleable & ductile
- has two solid allotropes: white (crystalline and gray (brittle powder) tin
A compound is…..
A pure substance made up of 2 or more elements in a defined ratio.
Binary & ternary compounds are based on different elements, not atoms.
Know John Dalton’s accomplishments
Daltons Theory of matter- matter is made of indivisible particles called atoms:atoms of element are identical:chemical reactions are the bonding of atoms rather than the destruction of them:when elements form compounds, they react in defined, while #ratios
Daltons theory of pressure- the sum total pressure of different gases is equal to the individual pressures added together.
Describe a solution……..
Solution- A homogenous mixture when a substance is dissolved in another substance.
Solvent- The substance that dissolves
Solute The dissolved substance
What is a Colloid?
A mixture in which very small particles are dissolved throughout another substance
What is a sol?
A colloid of fine solid particles in another solid or liquid.
A gel?
A liquid spread throughout a solid.
What is a foam?
A gas spread evenly throughout a liquid or solid.
What is an Aerosol?
A liquid or solid spread throughout a gas.
A emulsion is………
A liquid spread throughout another liquid.
Explain the Tyndall Effect.
The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by particles in a colloid: large enough to scatter light but small enough to not settle.
What is STP?
Standard temperature and pressure in which experiments are done. It is 0 Celsius and 1 atm.
Solids have?
A definite size and shape.
What is a crystalline solid?
Atoms or molecules arranged in regular, repeating patterns that form crystals.
What is an amorphous solid?
A molecule or atom locked in place without a specific form or repeating structure.
What is Viscosity?
The thickness of a liquid. It is its resistance to flowing.
What is surface tension?
The property of liquids that describes the attraction of molecules to the top of the liquid.
What is effusion?
The process when gaseous particles move through holes in a container.
What is Graham’s law?
The lower the molecular mass of a gas, the faster it effuses.
Describe Diffusion.
The movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration.
Melting is…….
Changing from solid to liquid.
Freezing is……
Changing from liquid to solid.
Vaporization is…….
Change from a liquid to a gas.
Boiling- Vaporization at all levels of a liquid.
Evaporation- Vaporization at the surface of a liquid.
Condensation is……..
Changing from a gas to a liquid.
Is governed by Dew point.
Sublimation?
Changing directly from solid to a gas.
Deposition?
Changing directly from gas to solid.
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy can change from different forms, but can never be destroyed.
Kinetic energy?
The energy of motion.
KE= mass x velocity squared x 1/2
Potential energy is?
Stored energy derived from position or shape.
PE= mass x gravity x height.
Separation process is?
A process dividing a mixture into multiple parts.
Filtration is?
Separating a mixture based on sizes of the parts of the mixture.
Reverse Osmosis is?
When a solvent moves across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration. This is due to pressure.
Explain Precipitation.
Separating a compound by reacting it to form a solid .
