Atomic Structure Flashcards
What is Ernest Rutherford Known for?
The Rutherford atomic model, which believed in a dense, small, and positive core surrounded by orbiting electrons.
Explain the distant history of chemistry.
Democritus presented an idea that all matter was made of smaller, indivisible building blocks. A rival (Empedocles) taught that all matter was made of fire, earth, wind, and water or a combination of the 4. Aristotle agreed with Empedocles, which led to the theory being shunted under the rug until 1661 AD.
What are Niels Bohr’s contributions to chemistry?
Bohr expanded upon Rutherford’s atomic model by adding energy levels for the electrons.
Differentiate Anions and Cations.
Anion- Negative Ion.
Cation-Positive Ion.
Hydrogen Facts-
- Lightest & most abundant element in the Universe
- Highly Flammable
- Has 3 Isotopes: Protium 1 Proton, Deuterium1 proton & 1 neutron, Tritium 1 proton & 2 neutrons.
- Discovered by Henry Cavendish & Antoine Lavoisier.
Describe the history of atomic weight.
John Dalton proposed all atoms had weight, and gave hydrogen a value of 1.
Later, Jöns Jakob Berzelius changed the standard to oxygen.
In 1960, carbon 12 became the base with twelve atomic mass units.
What is an atom?
An atom is the fundamental unit of an element that retains its properties.
A proton is?
The positive particle component of an atom.
An electron is?
The negative component of an atom that are the origins of all chemical bonds. They are very small.
A neutron is?
The neutral component of the atom.
A molecule is?
The smallest of component of a compound that retains its chemical proprieties.
An isotope is?
A element with a different # of neutrons than the norm.
A Ion is?
An atoms with a charge by having more or less electrons that protons.
