Classification and characteristics of muscle types Flashcards
describe the use of muscles
muscles are used in every day life all the time, sports people are reliant on the power of muscles to compete, we need muscles to allow our skeletal system to move
what are the different types of muscles?
-voluntary
-involuntary
-cardiac
what do voluntary muscles do?
enable movement throughout the body
describe how voluntary muscles work
-these are attached to bones and they work whenever we want them to
-these muscles are under our conscious control, you decide when and how to use them
what do involuntary muscles do?
essential in maintaining healthy body systems
describe how involuntary muscles work
-they have many roles such as digesting food and expelling waste from the body
-it works without you consciously controlling it, or even being aware of it
where are the involuntary muscles found?
these are found on the walls of internal organs and contract in waves
what do cardiac muscles do?
vital in sport because in makes the heart pump
where are cardiac muscles found?
a special type of muscle that forms the walls of the heart chambers
describe how cardiac muscles work
-it responds to an internal electrical impulse and contracts causing a heart beat
-this contraction drives blood around the body so oxygen can be delivered and waste products removed
-it works not stop without tiring
what kind of training improves your cardiac muscles?
fitness training will strengthen cardiac muscles making the heart more efficient at pumping blood around the body
what is vascular shunting?
-it’s regarding the redistribution of blood where the involuntary muscles control the internal diameter of the blood vessels
-this means blood is redirected to where it s most needed e.g. away from the stomach and towards the working muscles
-this occurs through vasodilation and vasoconstriction
how is movement produced?
-movement is produced when voluntary muscles, attached to bones by tendons, contract and the skeletal and muscular systems work together to produce movement
-a contracting voluntary muscle pulls on a bone, which alters the angle at a joint and movement is produced
what is the main action at the deltoid?
move the arm in all directions at the shoulder
what is the main action at the bicep?
flexion at elbow
what is the main action at the abdominals?
flexes trunk so you can bend forward
what is the main action at the quadriceps?
extend the leg at the knee
what is the main action at the pectorals?
adduct the arm at the shoulder
what is the main action at the latissimus dorsi?
adduct and extend the arm at the shoulder
what is the main action at the external obliques?
pull the chest downwards, rotate spinal column, side bend
what is the main action at the triceps?
extension at elbow
what is the main action at the gluteus maximus?
adduct and extend the leg at the hip
what is the main action at the hamstring?
flex the leg at the knee
what is the main action at the tibialis anterior?
pull the toes upwards towards the shin
what is the main action at the gastrocnemius?
plantar-flexion at ankle
what is the main action at the hip flexors?
flex the hip, helps move the knee up towards the body
how does an antagonistic muscle pair work??
the agonist works with the muscles and the antagonist is the muscle working against it
what are the antagonistic pairs?
-biceps and triceps
-hip flexor and gluteus maximus
-hamstrings and quadriceps
-tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius2
