3.29 Performance enhancing drugs Flashcards
drug
substance other than food which has a physiological effect when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body
performance enhancing drug
substance used by athletes to improve performances which artificially enhances personal characteristics
why might athletes take performance enhancing drugs?
-make the most of their sporting life
-calm their nerves
-mask an injury
-desire to be the best
-winning gives financial rewards
what are the different types of performance enhancing drugs?
-anabolic steroids
-stimulants
-narcotic analgesics
-peptide hormones
-beta blockers
-diuretics
what are the reasons people take anabolic steroids?
-enhance performance
-mimic testosterone
-increased muscle mass
-increased bone development
-prevents muscle wastage
-repair body tissues after stress
-ability to train harder with less fatigue
how does anabolic steroids work?
they artificially produce testosterone
side effects of anabolic steroids
-heart disease
-high blood pressure
-bone, tendon and ligament weakness
-severe liver disorders
-aggressive behaviour
-facial hair growth and deepening of the voice in women
what sports are likely to use anabolic steroids?
-weight lifters
-power lifters
-sprinter
-shot put
-javelin
what are the reasons for taking beta blockers?
-maintains a low heart rate and blood pressure
-produces calming effect
-blocks adrenaline
-reduces muscle shaking
-reduces anxiety
how do beta blockers work?
‘sit’ on receptors and stop the receptor from being stimulated
side effects of beta blockers
-nausea and diarrhoea
-tiredness
-depression
-insomnia and nightmares
-lower blood pressure
what sports are likely to use beta blockers?
-archery
-darts
-diving
-target shooting
-snooker
what are the reasons for taking diuretics?
-increasing kidney function and increases amount of urine produced
-speeds up elimination of fluids from the body
-reduces body weight
masking agent, flushes out traces of banned substances in body so they don’t show up in tests
side effects of diuretics
-dehydration
-muscle weakness and cramps
-heart damage
-dizziness and nausea
-kidney problems
what sports are likely to use diuretics?
-jockeys
-boxers
what are the reasons for taking narcotic analgesics?
-suppresses pain
-recover from injury quicker
-make the most of a short sporting life
how do narcotic analgesics work?
they intercept signals from the brain and dampen the effect of painful stimuli
side effects of narcotic analgesics
-loss of concentration
-loss of balance
-loss of coordination
-further damage to injury
what sports are likely to use narcotic analgesics?
-sprinting
-boxers
-netball
-swimming
-gymnastics
what are the reasons for taking stimulants?
-excite the nervous system
-raise heartrate
-improve reactions of a performer
-display increased confidence in their level of ability
-work for longer periods without tiring
side effects of stimulants
-irritability and aggressive behaviour
-insomnia
-irregular impulse
-performer may feel low after the effects have worn off
-addiction
what sports are likely to use stimulants?
-most of them
what are the different types of peptide hormones?
-growth hormone
-EPO
what does human growth hormone do?
increases muscle mass and therefore strength
what doe EPO do?
increases red blood cells production and therefore increases oxygen delivery to working muscles
what are the reasons for taking growth hormones?
-similar to anabolic steroids
-promotes muscle growth
-speeds up recovery from injury and heavy training sessions
side effects of human growth hormone
-abnormal growth of hands/feet
-arthritis
-diabetes
-heart failure
side effects of EPO
-increased thickness of blood
-blood clots/stroke
-increased risk of heart attack
what sports are likely to use human growth hormone?
-sprinting
-weight lifting
-wrestling
what sports are likely to use EPO?
-long distance cycling
-long distance running
-rugby, basketball, football
