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Old Classes > Classification > Flashcards

Classification Flashcards

1
Q

Taxonomy

A

Science of classification and nomenclature used

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2
Q

Genus

A

Group of very similar organisms related by a common descent from a relatively recent ancestor- share similar physical traits

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3
Q

Species

A

unique group within a given genus whose members interbreen

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4
Q

Humans: genus and species are

A

Homo

Sapiens

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5
Q

What does taxonomy take into account?

A

Anatomical and structural characteristics, modes of excretion, movement, and digestion, genetic makeup and biochemical capabilities.

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6
Q

Five kingdoms of living organisms

A

Monera, Protista Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia

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7
Q

Each kingdom is divided into:

A

Phyla (animal) or divisions (in other kingdoms)

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8
Q

Phylum is divided into

A

Sub plyla or subdivisions which are further divided into CLASSES

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9
Q

Each class includes multiple:

A

orders

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10
Q

Orders are divided into

A

Families

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11
Q

Each family is make up of:

A

Genara or genus

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12
Q

Final subdividion is

A

species

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13
Q

Humans are divided up by:

A

Kingdom, phylum, subphyla, class, order, family, genus, species

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14
Q

Full classification of humans

A 
Animal
Chordata
Vertebrates,
Mammalia
Primates
Hominidae
homo
sapiens
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15
Q

What kingdom are viruses in?

A

None– not living animals since they cannot function outside of host

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16
Q

Monera

A

Prokaryotes, they lack a nucleus or any mebrane organelles. Asexual

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17
Q

Protista

A

Primitive eukaryotes with both plantlike and animal like characteristics. Single cells or colonies of similar cells with no specialized tissue.

Processes capability to carry out all life processes

Protist Euglena: motility of animals and photosynthetic capabilities of plants

18
Q

Fungi

A

Nonphotosynthetic plants

Can be saprophytic (bread mold)
Parasitic (foot fungus)

Chitin cell walls, NOT cellulose

19
Q

Plantae

A

Multicellular organisms that exhibit differentiation of tissues and are nonmotile and photosynthetic. Alternation of generation and distinct embryonic phase.

20
Q

Animalia

A

Contains multicellular, generally motile, heterotrophic organisms that have differentiated tissues (and organs in higher forms).

21
Q

What kind of life cycle do viruses have?

A

Lytic and lysogenic life cycles.

22
Q

What do viruses contain

A

Either DNA or RNA and some essential enzymes surrounded by a protein coat.

23
Q

Bacteriophages

A

Viruses that exclusively infect bacteria

24
Q

What are helper T cells?

A

A part of T lymphocytes. Defined by CD4 molecules on the surface of the cells. They are primary cellular receptor of HIV. HIV is defined by the progressive quantitative and qualitative deficiency of the cells.

25
Q

As the number of CD4 cells decreases:

A

The patient is at an increasingly high risk for developing any number of opportunistic infections.

26
Q

Monerans

A

Kingdom- Also called bacteria

Single cells or aggregates of cells that stick together after division.

27
Q

Prokaryotic cells have:

A

An outer cell wall, inner plasma membrane and a noncompartmentalized cytoplasm that contains ribosomes.

28
Q

Three primary divisions of monera

A

Archaeobacteria
Cyanophytes
Schizophyta

29
Q

Archaerobacteria

A

Example: Halophiles

Organisms are known as methane producers and can withstand salty, hot and acidic environment.

30
Q

Cyanophytes

A

Example: blue-green algae

Use chlorophyll

31
Q

Schizophyta

A

Most commonly found monera with respect to medical problems.

How pharmaceutical agents are developed to treat infectious diseases arising from phylum.

32
Q

Where do cyanobacteria live?

A

Freshwater and sometimes marine

33
Q

What do cyanobacteria possess and not possess?

A

Possess cell wall and photosynthetic pigments

have no flagella, true nucleus, chloroplasts, or mitochondria.

34
Q

What kind of temperatures are cyanobacteria found in?

A

They can withstand extreme temperatures and are believed to be similar to the first organisms that developed photosynthetic capabilities.

35
Q

What kind of DNA do bacteria have?

A

Single double stranded circular loop of DNA that is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane.

36
Q

Morphological appearances:

A

cocci, bacilli, spirilla

37
Q

Forms of bacteria:

A

Duplexes (diplococci)
Clusters (staphylococci)
Chains (Streptococci)

38
Q

Protists

A

Unicellular
Eukaryotes
Protozoa and Algae

39
Q

Protozoa

A

Heterotropic- rhizopods, amoebas, ciliophors

40
Q

Algae

A

Photosynthetic
Phytoplankton
Euglena

41
Q

Fungi

A

eukaryotes and heterotrophs

Reproduce by asexual sporulation or by intricate sexual process

Old Classes (15 decks)

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