Classification

Question 1

Taxonomy

Answer 1

Science of classification and nomenclature used

Question 2

Genus

Answer 2

Group of very similar organisms related by a common descent from a relatively recent ancestor- share similar physical traits

Question 3

Species

Answer 3

unique group within a given genus whose members interbreen

Question 4

Humans: genus and species are

Answer 4

Homo

Sapiens

Question 5

What does taxonomy take into account?

Answer 5

Anatomical and structural characteristics, modes of excretion, movement, and digestion, genetic makeup and biochemical capabilities.

Question 6

Five kingdoms of living organisms

Answer 6

Monera, Protista Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia

Question 7

Each kingdom is divided into:

Answer 7

Phyla (animal) or divisions (in other kingdoms)

Question 8

Phylum is divided into

Answer 8

Sub plyla or subdivisions which are further divided into CLASSES

Question 9

Each class includes multiple:

Answer 9

orders

Question 10

Orders are divided into

Answer 10

Families

Question 11

Each family is make up of:

Answer 11

Genara or genus

Question 12

Final subdividion is

Answer 12

species

Question 13

Humans are divided up by:

Answer 13

Kingdom, phylum, subphyla, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 14

Full classification of humans

Answer 14

Animal
Chordata
Vertebrates,
Mammalia
Primates
Hominidae
homo
sapiens

Question 15

What kingdom are viruses in?

Answer 15

None– not living animals since they cannot function outside of host

Question 16

Monera

Answer 16

Prokaryotes, they lack a nucleus or any mebrane organelles. Asexual

Question 17

Protista

Answer 17

Primitive eukaryotes with both plantlike and animal like characteristics. Single cells or colonies of similar cells with no specialized tissue.

Processes capability to carry out all life processes

Protist Euglena: motility of animals and photosynthetic capabilities of plants

Question 18

Fungi

Answer 18

Nonphotosynthetic plants

Can be saprophytic (bread mold)
Parasitic (foot fungus)

Chitin cell walls, NOT cellulose

Question 19

Plantae

Answer 19

Multicellular organisms that exhibit differentiation of tissues and are nonmotile and photosynthetic. Alternation of generation and distinct embryonic phase.

Question 20

Animalia

Answer 20

Contains multicellular, generally motile, heterotrophic organisms that have differentiated tissues (and organs in higher forms).

Question 21

What kind of life cycle do viruses have?

Answer 21

Lytic and lysogenic life cycles.

Question 22

What do viruses contain

Answer 22

Either DNA or RNA and some essential enzymes surrounded by a protein coat.

Question 23

Bacteriophages

Answer 23

Viruses that exclusively infect bacteria

Question 24

What are helper T cells?

Answer 24

A part of T lymphocytes. Defined by CD4 molecules on the surface of the cells. They are primary cellular receptor of HIV. HIV is defined by the progressive quantitative and qualitative deficiency of the cells.

Question 25

As the number of CD4 cells decreases:

Answer 25

The patient is at an increasingly high risk for developing any number of opportunistic infections.

Question 26

Monerans

Answer 26

Kingdom- Also called bacteria | Single cells or aggregates of cells that stick together after division.

Question 27

Prokaryotic cells have:

Answer 27

An outer cell wall, inner plasma membrane and a noncompartmentalized cytoplasm that contains ribosomes.

Question 28

Three primary divisions of monera

Answer 28

Archaeobacteria Cyanophytes Schizophyta

Question 29

Archaerobacteria

Answer 29

Example: Halophiles Organisms are known as methane producers and can withstand salty, hot and acidic environment.

Question 30

Cyanophytes

Answer 30

Example: blue-green algae | Use chlorophyll

Question 31

Schizophyta

Answer 31

Most commonly found monera with respect to medical problems. How pharmaceutical agents are developed to treat infectious diseases arising from phylum.

Question 32

Where do cyanobacteria live?

Answer 32

Freshwater and sometimes marine

Question 33

What do cyanobacteria possess and not possess?

Answer 33

Possess cell wall and photosynthetic pigments have no flagella, true nucleus, chloroplasts, or mitochondria.

Question 34

What kind of temperatures are cyanobacteria found in?

Answer 34

They can withstand extreme temperatures and are believed to be similar to the first organisms that developed photosynthetic capabilities.

Question 35

What kind of DNA do bacteria have?

Answer 35

Single double stranded circular loop of DNA that is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane.

Question 36

Morphological appearances:

Answer 36

cocci, bacilli, spirilla

Question 37

Forms of bacteria:

Answer 37

Duplexes (diplococci) Clusters (staphylococci) Chains (Streptococci)

Question 38

Protists

Answer 38

Unicellular Eukaryotes Protozoa and Algae

Question 39

Protozoa

Answer 39

Heterotropic- rhizopods, amoebas, ciliophors

Question 40

Algae

Answer 40

Photosynthetic Phytoplankton Euglena

Question 41

Fungi

Answer 41

eukaryotes and heterotrophs | Reproduce by asexual sporulation or by intricate sexual process