Classification Flashcards
Taxonomy
Science of classification and nomenclature used
Genus
Group of very similar organisms related by a common descent from a relatively recent ancestor- share similar physical traits
Species
unique group within a given genus whose members interbreen
Humans: genus and species are
Homo
Sapiens
What does taxonomy take into account?
Anatomical and structural characteristics, modes of excretion, movement, and digestion, genetic makeup and biochemical capabilities.
Five kingdoms of living organisms
Monera, Protista Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia
Each kingdom is divided into:
Phyla (animal) or divisions (in other kingdoms)
Phylum is divided into
Sub plyla or subdivisions which are further divided into CLASSES
Each class includes multiple:
orders
Orders are divided into
Families
Each family is make up of:
Genara or genus
Final subdividion is
species
Humans are divided up by:
Kingdom, phylum, subphyla, class, order, family, genus, species
Full classification of humans
Animal Chordata Vertebrates, Mammalia Primates Hominidae homo sapiens
What kingdom are viruses in?
None– not living animals since they cannot function outside of host
Monera
Prokaryotes, they lack a nucleus or any mebrane organelles. Asexual
Protista
Primitive eukaryotes with both plantlike and animal like characteristics. Single cells or colonies of similar cells with no specialized tissue.
Processes capability to carry out all life processes
Protist Euglena: motility of animals and photosynthetic capabilities of plants
Fungi
Nonphotosynthetic plants
Can be saprophytic (bread mold)
Parasitic (foot fungus)
Chitin cell walls, NOT cellulose
Plantae
Multicellular organisms that exhibit differentiation of tissues and are nonmotile and photosynthetic. Alternation of generation and distinct embryonic phase.
Animalia
Contains multicellular, generally motile, heterotrophic organisms that have differentiated tissues (and organs in higher forms).
What kind of life cycle do viruses have?
Lytic and lysogenic life cycles.
What do viruses contain
Either DNA or RNA and some essential enzymes surrounded by a protein coat.
Bacteriophages
Viruses that exclusively infect bacteria
What are helper T cells?
A part of T lymphocytes. Defined by CD4 molecules on the surface of the cells. They are primary cellular receptor of HIV. HIV is defined by the progressive quantitative and qualitative deficiency of the cells.
As the number of CD4 cells decreases:
The patient is at an increasingly high risk for developing any number of opportunistic infections.
Monerans
Kingdom- Also called bacteria
Single cells or aggregates of cells that stick together after division.
Prokaryotic cells have:
An outer cell wall, inner plasma membrane and a noncompartmentalized cytoplasm that contains ribosomes.
Three primary divisions of monera
Archaeobacteria
Cyanophytes
Schizophyta
Archaerobacteria
Example: Halophiles
Organisms are known as methane producers and can withstand salty, hot and acidic environment.
Cyanophytes
Example: blue-green algae
Use chlorophyll
Schizophyta
Most commonly found monera with respect to medical problems.
How pharmaceutical agents are developed to treat infectious diseases arising from phylum.
Where do cyanobacteria live?
Freshwater and sometimes marine
What do cyanobacteria possess and not possess?
Possess cell wall and photosynthetic pigments
have no flagella, true nucleus, chloroplasts, or mitochondria.
What kind of temperatures are cyanobacteria found in?
They can withstand extreme temperatures and are believed to be similar to the first organisms that developed photosynthetic capabilities.
What kind of DNA do bacteria have?
Single double stranded circular loop of DNA that is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane.
Morphological appearances:
cocci, bacilli, spirilla
Forms of bacteria:
Duplexes (diplococci)
Clusters (staphylococci)
Chains (Streptococci)
Protists
Unicellular
Eukaryotes
Protozoa and Algae
Protozoa
Heterotropic- rhizopods, amoebas, ciliophors
Algae
Photosynthetic
Phytoplankton
Euglena
Fungi
eukaryotes and heterotrophs
Reproduce by asexual sporulation or by intricate sexual process
