classicism Flashcards
what does the emergence of the classical school of criminology coincide with?
the period of enlightenment/age of reason
what period was prior to the age of reason?
pre-enlightenment
what were punishments for transgression under the pre-enlightenment lie?
arbitrary, extreme and cruel
pre-enlightenment punishments characterised by the frequent use of what?
torture methods, death penalty and arbitrary rules
where theory and practise with regards to criminal law linear?
no
true or false - in England, stealing fruit which had already been gathered was a felony but stealing fruit by gathering it from an orchid was an act of trespassing
true
true or false - to steal goods from a shop and to be seen doing so resulted in transportation, to steal them without being seen was punishable by death
true
what were 4 forms of punishment in pre-enlightenment?
- gibbeting
- burning at the stake
- use of the pillory and ducking stool
- hanging
what was punishment in the form of execution seen as?
a spectacle, where large crowds being drawn for executions
what was attending a public hanging seen as?
a day out as a form of entertainment
what could spectators buy on the days of public hangings?
hot pies and ballads written about the individual being hung
what was pre-enlightenment seen as on a whole?
painful, humiliating, life threatening and disproportionate
what was the legal system seen as during pre-enlightenment?
uncertain, corrupt, tyrannical, and utilised at the whims of the authorities
true or false - the sentences imposed during pre-enlightenment were inconsistent and depended upon the status and the power of the convicted
true
what are the 2 key figures in the classical school of criminology?
- Cesare Beccaria
- Jeremy Bentham
what were Beccaria and Bentham the founders of?
the classical school of criminology
when did the solid idea of criminology begin?
1800s (19th century)
did criminology as a discipline exists when Beccaria was writing in the 1700s?
no
which scholar did not see Beccaria or Bentham as criminologists?
Garland
when was the phrase ‘classical criminology’ ceased?
the 1870s
who wrote and published ‘Crimes and Punishment’ in 1764, at the age of 26?
Cesare Beccaria
what did the book ‘Crimes and Punishment’ challenge?
the consensus surrounding law and punishment which had existed for hundreds of years
true or false - people argue that Beccaria should have been more critical of the current system, considering that criticising the long established ways of doing things was a popular pastime during the Enlightenment
true
did Beccaria contend everything about the existing methods of applying the law in society at the time?
yes