CLASSICAL CONDITITONING II Flashcards
Whats excitatory conditioning?
A stimulus predicts the presence of the outcome
Whats inhibitory learning?
A stimulus predicts the absence of an outcome
Explain the grey-cheeked mangabey monkeys learning about the association between tree and food?
Excitatory conditioning allows them to learn that a specific tree in the forest contains fruits so they will continue to approach that tree
What must happen for them the monkeys to move onto another tree after the og tree doesn’t have fruits anymore?
Extinguish
What happens after extinguish for the monkeys?
They must decide to visit another tree that contains the fruit but new tree wont look the same as the og
What did classical conditioning establish an association between?
CN and US
What does extinction reduce?
The magnitude of the cr but doesn’t elimate the previously acquire ko
What did guttman and kalish find?
Pigeons trained to peck a disc of light for food then given test trials with different stimuli
Animals cold discriminate the trained colour of light from very different coloured lights
580nm light generalised to similar stimuli
What does the conditions effects play a key role in?
Drugs seeking behaviour and treatment of it and contacts can act as a CS that predicts the US
Explain drug seeking behaviour?
During acquisition, we might see
excitatory learning of the context of a
pub (CS) predicting the presence of
alcohol (US).
• Once the association is formed, being
in the pub will evoke a memory of
alcohol – and cravings will begin
Common treatment for alcohol addition?
Rehab centers and people bust speclaised units to abstain from drinking
To train an extinction memory that can compete with a memory for the original pub - alcohol association but relapse rates following rehab are often high
Whats the 5 subtypes recognised in the DSM-5?
animal (e.g., spiders and insects)
• natural environment (e.g., heights and storms)
• blood-injection-injury (e.g., needles and invasive medical procedures)
• situational (e.g., airplanes, elevators and closed spaces)
• ‘other’ category for phobias
What could specific phobias result from?
- traumatic event - experiential - specifc phobia
Or not (
Non experiential - specific phobia
Explain experiential -specific phobia?
• results from an unfortunate experience
• It has been suggested that its acquisition is due to classical fear
conditioning
• its maintenance is due to operant fear conditioning -> reinforces the
avoidance behavior
• occur by associating the presentation of a neutral cue, like a sound, with an
aversive event, like an electric shock
Explain the little Albert’s experiment by Watson and rayner?
Generalization: Conditioned
associations can often widen
beyond the specific stimuli
presented.
Demonstrated that classical conditioning can create a phobia
Whats acquisition due to?
Classical fear conditioning
Maintance is due to?
Operant fear conditioning which reinforced the avoidance behaviour
Which regions of the brain are involved in classical fear conditioning ?
Brain regions involved:
– Amygdala plays critical roles in the
acquisition of both fear and extinction
memories
– Hippocampus - key mediator of learned fear
– Medial prefrontal cortex - prelimbic cortex
(PL) is thought to regulate fear expression
and the infralimbic cortex (IL) mediates fear
suppression
