Class Identities Flashcards

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1
Q

Inland Revenue, 2002

A

Marketable wealth, UK, 2000 - top 1% of population own 22% of total wealth. Top 5% own 42% of total wealth and top 50% of population own 94% of total wealth.

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2
Q

John Scott (1982)

A

Upper class is characterized by a high degree of social cohesion, the main support of this being its system kinship and educational experience. The children are usually educated in top public schools.

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3
Q

Roberts (2001)

A

During their socialization, young members of the upper class are introduced to the exclusive social events that provide a sense of ‘real class’. They also provide a circuit here further connections and contacts can be made.

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4
Q

Chris Rojek (2000)

A

Used stats and biographical data to study the lives of Bill Gates, Warren Buffett and Richard Brandon. Their lives were central to work - they worked long hours and only attended exclusive social occasions to make more connections.

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5
Q

Roberts (2001) (a)

A

The present day middle class are distinguishable by the fact that there were so may lifestyle variations between them, some related to age, gender, ethnicity and education.

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6
Q

Mike Savage et al (1992)

A

Middle class is traditionally regarded as respectable and deeply conformist. Nowadays they are often the pioneers of new cultural styles.

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7
Q

McDonough (1997) (a)

A

Most of the sons of higher professionals end up in similar jobs, suggesting that parents gave been successful in passing hard working values down.

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8
Q

Roberts (2001) (b)

A

Three main values associated with professional middle classes - Service - the middle class expect a service relationship with employer. Career - They value the opportunity to gain promotion in a job and meritocracy - belief that positions shall be achieved by ability and effort.

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9
Q

McDonough (1997) (b)

A

Routine white collar workers see work as a way of improving their quality of life, allowing them to take holidays and buy more consumer goods.

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10
Q

Hoggart (1957) and Young and Willmott (19957)

A

Key features of traditional working class are: Male breadwinners - men are main breadwinners in the family. Home - home was often crowded and noisy but it held a special place in people’s affections. Family - marriage was for life. Members of extended family lived close by. Community - formed close knit communities where they held close circles of friends and acquaintances. Class consciousness - they had a strong class identity.

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11
Q

Murray (1994)

A

Underclass is located at very bottom of the class pyramid - members suffer poverty, unemployment, bad housing, ill health etc.

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12
Q

Charles Murray

A

Called them the ‘new rabble’. He claims they prefer to live off crime or benefits rather than work and accuse them of irresponsible attitudes to parenthood.

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13
Q

Dean and Taylor-Gooby (1992)

A

Critcised the idea that valus of the underclass are really so different from the rest of society.

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14
Q

Peter Saunders (1990)

A

How underclass values effect their disadvantage - empty hours filled with sleep, and days go by in a dull haze of TV programmes.

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15
Q

Paukulski and Waters (1996)

A

Lifestyles are becoming central organizing feature of people’s lives and a major source of social and personal identity.

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16
Q

Clarke and Saunders (1991)

A

Nowadays people’s lives are more likely to be centered on their leisure and the things they spend their money on.

17
Q

Gordon Marshall et al (1989)

A

About 60% of the sample thought of themselves as belonging to a particular class, and over 90% could place themselves if prompted.

18
Q

Fiona Devine (1997)

A

Supports Gordon Marshall. After reviewing a wide range of research, she concludes that class is still the most common and significant social identity in Britain.

19
Q

Mike Savage et al (2001)

A

Investigated class identities of 178 people in Manchester. Very few believed Britain is a a classless society, but the rest of the people they interviewed were rather hesitant about identifying themselves as members of any class.