class 7-8 Flashcards
what does community assessment mean
-the process of critically examining the characteristics, resources, assets, needs and opportunities of a community
-collaboration with that community
-develop strategies to improve the health and well-being of the community
what is a communtiy assessment
a logical systematic approach to:
-clarify concerns
-identifying constraints
-understand the economic, political, and social factors
-examine determinants of health affecting the community
basically: who has a need, how important it is and how many people are affected
approaches to community assessment
-epidemiological approach: statistics/data
-needs based approach: issues/concerns brought forward
-demographic approach: age group
-community health profile: SDOH, age, socioeconomic factors
-community development approach: community tries to take collective action
what is a needs assessment
-systematic, appraisal of the type, depth, and nature of health needs/problems as perceived by clients, health providers (or both) in a community
a comprehensive needs assessment approach
an extensive systematic process to assess all community aspects
a problem-orientated approach
assess a community based on a specific health concern
a single-population approach
an assessment of one population group (aggregate) in a community
a familiarization approach
uses existing data on a community such as a census data, surveys, or health reports
community assessment process
-assessment
-planning
-implementation
-evaluation
data collection, CHN must decide
-what assessment approach is relevant
-what information is most important to collect
-the data sources most appropriate to use
data collection: community as a partner perspective
involves: community participates/collaborates in all stages of assessment through evaluation
CHN’s must have purposeful interaction with others professionals, most importantly, the community members
first step to data collection
CHN must first gain acceptance into the community - biggest challenge of assessment
felt need
what people say they need
-community member opinion
expressed need
what people say they need turn into action
-community member opinion
normative need
needs determined by experts
-professional opinion
comparative need
needs determined by comparing resources or services of one group or area with other similar group or area
-based on precedent
secondary data
reviewing existing, readily available data
e.g. census data
-community assessment assignement
primary data
creating data that do not already exist
e.g. doing a survey, community forum
-windshield survey assignment
assessment of individuals/families - CHNC standards
data is related to the individual and/or family and is collected via interviews, physical assessment & charts with the purpose of addressing immediate need
assessment of groups/communities/populations
-data collection may be related to groups, communities, & systems e.g. epidemiology
-data collection via interviews, surveys, & focus groups or secondary sources for the purpose of collecting info from a variety of health, social, & economic sources to improve the population’s health
quantitative methods - assessment tools
-describe extent of social phenomena
-often utilize close ended questions
-some open ended
qualitative methods - assessment tools
-explore underlying rationale of attitudes/behaviours
-utilize open ended questions
secondary analysis of existing data
-previously gather information
-extremely valuable as it saves time/effort
e.g. public documents, census data, health surveillance, meeting minutes
examples of secondary data (review of existing data)
lit review
social indicators
service use
