class 5 Flashcards
definition of a healthy community
one where people, organizations and local institutions work together to improve the social, economic and environmental conditions that make people healthy
-is accomplished through community partnerships and coalitions
measures of community health
-status
-structure
-process
status - measures of community health
includes physical, emotional, and social component:
-physical: morbidity rates, mortality rates
-emotional: satisfaction rates
-social: crime rates, how families function
structure - measures of community health
includes community health services and resources and attributes of the community structure itself, commonly identified as social indicators or correlates of health
process - measures of community health
community health is the process of effective community functioning or problem solving
strategies to improve community health
-status dimension: primary or secondary prevention levels
-structural dimension: includes program development
-process dimension: best strategy is health promotion
characteristics of healthy communities
1.decreased morbitiy rate
2.decreased mortality rate
3.physical/social environment
4.employment rates/healthy workplace
5.diversity
6.decreased homelessness
healthy communities movement
-international movement in 1980s promoting healthy communities developed In Europe by the world wide health organization
-movement dedicated to widespread approach to health
-involves national & local policy makers, grassroots individuals, agencies & businesses in planning health programs
why is the healthy communities movement important
-addresses many determinants of health that are outside the scope of the health care system
-implementing policies that would provide greater access and equity would have a tremendous impact on health
CHNs role in healthy communities
-identifying health issues in the community
-helping community members investigate health issues, and then organize and present these issues to the appropriate resource
-lending their expertise to advocate specific issues
-building coalitions with other sectors, such as education, housing & recreation
community partnership definition
involves collaborative decision making efforts in health planning with the goal of reducing health inequality and improving community health. all parties work together
coalition definition
are groups who share a mutual issue or concern and join forces to attain a common goal in reference to addressing the issue
community as a client: old approach
-provides prevention & early interception programs for the total pop
-CHN viewed as expert
- community assessment uses epidemiological data/disease occurrence
-interventions directed towards gov policy
community as a partner: new approach
-emphasis is on community strengths
-further develops community capacity
-CHN partners with community groups
-professional knowledge and knowledge of the community
-epi data, prevention data used
what is community development
is a process whereby community members identify health concerns or issues affecting their community that require the development of capacity building skills to bring about a needed change
outcomes/purposes of community development
-greater citizen participation
-strengthen individual skills
-improve utilization of community resources
-provide a secure and healthy community
challenges of community development
-managing power differentials: person isn’t listening to community members
-meeting unique community needs: person doesn’t understand diverse groups
-reconsidering the nurses professional role
ottawa charter for health promotion
-strengthening community action
-building healthy public policy
-creating supportive environments
-developing personal skills
-reorientating health services
outcomes of community capacity building
-empowerment:individuals
-community competence:
-sustainability:
community competence outcome of capacity building
-a community is able to identify and address health issues
sustainability outcome of community capacity building
-ability to maintain needed programs
steps in community development process
-defining the issue
-initiating the process
-planning community conversation
-talking, discovering, and connecting
-creating an asset map
-mobilizing the community
-taking action
-planning and implementing
community as a partner to the CHN
-blend professional knowledge with the communities specific knowledge/resources
-emphasize the community strengths
-epidemiological data are also considered however in relation to what is meaningful for the community
community as a partner model
a partnership conveys an egalitarian relationship between the CHN and community
-people in the community are the CHNs partners and need to be included during the entire community health nursing process
-based on neuman’s 1972 systems model
-developed by anderson & mcfarlane in 1986 to illustrate the synthesis of public health and nursing
-has evolved to incorporate the philosophy that nurses work with communities as partners
-at the heart of the model is the community assessment wheel
8 subsystems of community
physical environment
education
safety and transportation
politics and government
health and social services
communications
economics
recreation
15 principles that a CHN should follow when working in a community development approach
-community members participate in all stages of the process
-strengths & assests are resources to deal with health issues
-communities need to be ready for the process
-health-oriented change is generated from within the community
-the community is the expert
-intentional efforts are made to reach marginalized or hidden groups
-many different skills or expertise and knowledge are needed
-the goal is to increase community competence
-professionals partner with community
-communities need ongoing support
-health is seen in a broad context
-interventions are guided by the community’s perceptions/acceptability
-the focus is on local concern
-process outcomes are just as important as end-result outcomes
-open communication is essential
CHNs and communtiy development
-apply their knowledge of community assessment & community development
-use a strength based approach to support capacity building
-assist in the development of health care services and programs based on community assessments
-encourage and support community to be active in stating and taking ownership of health issues
-educate community members
