Class 6 - health policy Flashcards
define health policy, according to Kelly & Ridenour
- goal directed decision making about health that is the result of an authorized, public decision making process
- those actions, non-actions, directions, and/or guidance related to health that are decided by government
Example of health policy - Provincial Government Goals during pandemic
reduce COVID positivity rate in 3rd wave & reduce pressure on health care system
- masks
- vaccination policy
- quarantine
Define public policy, according to Canadian encyclopedia
government actions designed to achieve one or more objective
Define public policy, according to Giddens
- What governments decide to do or not to do
- The choices made by a society for social entities that relate to public goals and priorities, as well as the choices made for allocating resources to those goals and priorities
Example of public policy, during COVID pandemic
- school closed
- borders closed to non-residents
- financial assistance to business and individuals (CERB, CESB)
- income tax date changed for 2020
other example types of public policy
- types & amount of funding for education
- environment (carbon tax)
- economy
- taxation (GST + PST, booze)
What is scope of healthy policy
- affects entire populations & individuals
- influenced by economics, political party, prevailing social values
- can be a source of political conflict
Which political institutions make healthy policy decisions
federal, provincial, municipal
What is the federal government responsible for in terms of health policy decisions?
- health care for Inuit and First Nations
- regulation for products & pharmaceuticals
- research funding
- Canada health act
- military people
- corrections & prisoners
- immigrants?
What is the provincial government responsible for in terms of health policy decisions?
- funding health care for their residents
- workplace health & safety
- dental coverage, IF under 3yr
Name one federal regulatory agency that creates or influences health policy
Health Canada
What are major attributes of health policy
- Decisions made by authorized government institutions such as legislatures or courts or by government authorized entities (i.e. state boards of nursing)
The decision making process is subject to public review and input - Health policies address of public policy goal
What are minor attributes of health policy
- health policies are subject to ongoing review by governing institutions and by the public
- Health policy goals change according to changes in political and social values, trends, and attributes
What is included in the policy process
- agenda setting
- policy formulation
- policy adoption
- policy implementation
- policy evaluation
What influences the policy process?
- intergovernmental relationships
- participative governance
- values
- dynamic tension between cost, quality, & access
Influences on policy process, intergovernmental relationships
- federalism explains the dynamics of inter-governmental relationships
- Policy initiatives requiring collaborative federal/provincial relations may result in provincial government ceding some other decision-making authorities in return for federal funding (Reverse can also be true)
- Results in a complex mix of collaborative strategies supported by a web of shared responsibilities between provincial and federal government
Influences on policy process, values
- dynamic relationship between the levels of government and sustained participative governance provides for the negotiation of diverse values through the political process
- Fairness and efficiency are the two competing values that are the heart of most public policy decisions (influenced by time, social trends, cultural expectations, economic priorities, and political situations)
- Establishing a fair policy might mean a trade-off with efficiency; less efficient health policies may be more impartial, but they are also more costly
Influences on policy process, participative governance
- Consent of the governed
- Fundamental to democratic institutions because government powers are limited and subject to the will of the governed
Influences on policy process, dynamic tension
- exists with access to health, health care cost, and health care quality
- changing one of the variables (cost, quality, access) can improve or reduce the effectiveness of another
Dynamic Tension examples ↓
↑
- ↑ quality = ↑ cost = ↓ access
- ↑ access = ↓ cost = ↓ quality??
What is the context to nursing & healthcare for health policy
- provincial legislation regulates nursing practice through CRNM
- CRNM set standards of practice
- nurses implement health policy
What are theoretical links to health policy
- evidence
- ethics
- safety
- health care quality
- health care economics
- health care law
Political activism model, lowest to highest
- apathy
- buy-in
- self-interests
- political sophisticated
- leading the way
Political activism model, apathy
- not involved in any professional organizations
- no interests in legislations or politics related to nursing or health care
Political activism model, buy-in
realize the importance of political activism but not an active participant
Political activism model, self-interest
involvement to further career, to further the profession’s self-interest
Political activism model, political sophistication
- high involvement in political action
- moving beyond self-interest
- recognize the need for activism to benefit the public and the profession
Political activism model, leading the way
Serving in elected positions in professional organizations at the provincial or federal level leadership or seeking appointment to policy making bodies
How does CNA describe advocacy
involves engaging others, exercising your voice and mobilizing evidence to influence policy and practice
Describe social policy
- relates to decisions that promote the welfare of the public
- Can be directed at a wide variety of social concerns and issues in which the primary policy goal is not necessarily health but the policy still has an impact on health
- Not always public policies that result from political decision-making
Describe institutional policy
regulate/ Govern the workplace
