Class 1 - leadership Flashcards
How does Hoffart define leadership?
an interactive process that provides needed guidance and direction
What are the 3 elements/dynamics needed for leadership?
leader, follower, situation
How does MacPhee define leadership?
- the process of engaging and influencing others
- critical thinking, action & advocacy - in all roles and domains of nursing practice
What are the 2 competencies for nursing leaders
emotional intelligence & appreciative inquiry
Describe emotional intelligence
a leader who is in the moment
describe appreciative inquiry
- a leader who can appreciate the good, not just the bad
- have the ability to look at the positive/ not focus only on the negatives
what is formal leadership
an individual who occupy designated admin or management positions in an organization
What do formal leaders do?
- officially designated as leader
- set the goals, inspires people to reach those goals
- has official power (can reward and discipline)
What are examples of formal leadership roles
- CEO
- CNO
- unit manager
- supervisor
- faculty manager
- Director of nursing
What is informal (clinical) leadership
- an individual who do not occupy a designated admin or management position also occurs in organizations
- seen as leader by peers
- respected for abilities & knowledge
What do informal leaders do?
- leader focuses on patient care & health care team
- role model, motivates others to excellence, has influence
Clinical leadership earned through excellence in…
- clinical skills
- knowledge
- communication
- advocacy skills
what are the attributes of effective leadership
- followers: there are no leaders w/o followers (vice versa)
- vision: leader’s ideological statement of a desired, long-term future for an organization
- communication: essential function
- decision making
- change: transition from old to new
- social power: potential influence of one over another
According to Hoffart, what are the competencies for nursing leaders
- personal qualities
- interpersonal skills
- thinking skills
- setting the vision
- communicating
- initiating change
- developing people
- healthcare knowledge
- management skills
- business skills
What is the link between nursing leadership and outcomes
good leadership = positive outcome
what positive outcomes arise with good leadership
- improve patient safety
- decrease burnout
- decrease turnover
- increase job satisfaction
what are the 4 leadership theories
- great man theory/ trait theories
- behavioural theories
- situational-contingency theories
- contemporary theories
Trait Theory Description
- innate qualities & personality features
- a line of research that examines which individual characteristics we should pursue to lead effectively
What are the assumptions within the Trait Theory
- leaders are born, not made
- great leaders arise when the need for them is great
Behavioural Theory Descriptio
focuses on actions and reactions of leaders & followers
What is an assumption within the Behavioural Theory
leader behaviour can be learned
What are the leadership styles within the Behavioural Theory
- autocratic
- democratic
- laissez-faire
- transactional, transformational, and shared
Democratic Leadership Style description
- encourages staff to share ideas, but leader has final decision (collaborative)
- develops people’s skills
- team members feel in control of their own destiny
- motivated to work hard by more than just a financial reward
- takes longer. but often the end result is better and increases job satisfaction
- most suitable when working as a team is essential, and when quality is more important than speed
Laissez-Faire Leadership Style description
- leader provides tools, but give very little guidance
- team members make decisions
- requires good communication to be effective
- effective when individual team members are very experiences and skills self-starters
- occurs when managers can’t be bothered or don’t have skill
What are the leadership styles within the Contemporary Theory
- transformational
- transactional
- shared leadership
- Kouzes & Posner Five Leadership Practice
Situational-Contingency Theories description
- aim to explain why some leadership approaches are affective in one situation and not in another
- effective leadership style
- leader can modify style to the situation, especially the needs of the team members
What is the situational theory
- there is no ‘one-size fits all’ model; certain traits, skills, and styles fit better in one situation than another
- situation is static and the leader must adapt to it
What is the contingency theory
- assumes leader’s default style is fixed; fit the right leader to the situation
- effective leadership is ‘contingent’ on matching the leader’s style to the setting
Transformational leadership style description
- leaders gain buy-in and commitment by encouraging their followers; leaders inspire their followers to achieve goals
- leader creates the organizational vision
- leader & followers set goals and work together to achieve them
- leader is collaborative and participative
What are characteristics of a transformational leader
- charismatic
- considerate
- inspirational
Examples of transformational leaders
- Nelson Mandela
- Mahatma Gandhi
- Ab. Lincoln
- Mother Theresa
Transactional leadership style description
- leader manages day-to-day operations
- leads through rewards and punishment
- serious limitations for knowledge-based or creative work
- team members can do little to improve their job satisfaction
Which theory is a blend of transformational and transactional leadership
Servant theory
Servant Theory description
if a leader make a priority of identifying and meeting followers’ needs, that leader creates an environment of trust and cooperation, and reciprocal service, ultimately higher performance
Shared Leadership Style description
- leadership is the responsibility of the team, not just the formal leader
- power is shared amongst the team (everyone is equal)
- taking the best of what people have to offer
- the team has a shared purpose, social support, and input
What does LEADS stand for
Lead self
Engage others
Achieve results
Develop coalitions
Systems transformations
How are LEADs defined according to the WRHA Caring Environment Framework
- “Leadership is the capacity to influence self and others to work together to achieve a constructive purpose”
- key skills, behaviours, abilities and knowledge required to lead in all sectors of the health system
- emphasizes that everyone must be ready to lead when requiredW
What are the Five Leadership Practices (Kouzes & Posner)
- model the way
- inspire a shared vision
- challenge the process
- enable others to act
- encourage the heart
K&P: Model the way
- clarify values by finding your voice and affirming shared values
- set the example by aligning the action with shared values
K&P: Inspire a Shared Vision
- envision the future by imagining exciting and ennobling possibilities
- enlist others in common vision by appealing to shared aspirations
K&P: Challenge the Process
- search for opportunities by seizing the initiative and looking outward for innovative ways to improve
- experiment and take risks by constantly generating small wins and learning from experience
K&P: Enable Others to Act
- foster collaboration by building trust and facilitating relationships
- strengthen others by increasing self-determination and developing competence
K&P: Encourage the Heart
- recognize contributions by showing appreciation for individual excellence
- celebrate the values and victories by creating a spirit of community
Describe managing
- a process that involves directing activities within an organization
- responding to daily operations
- managers carry formal authority
Describe following
- interactive and complementary to leadership
- some are active (get involve) participants, others are passive (just do the 9-5)
- some are independent thinkers, others are dependent on leader
What are the 5 traits of someone high emotional intelligence
- Self awareness
- managing emotions
- motivating oneself
- empathy
- social skill
