Class 2 - management Flashcards
Example of what managers do
- organize
- goal setting
- motivate
- communicate
- budget
- staffing
- evaluate
- seniority
Define managing, according to Marquis & Huston
the process of leading and directing all or part of an organization through the deployment and manipulation of resources
Define managing, according to Huber
coordination and integration of nursing resources to accomplish nursing care, service goals and objectives
What are the role and functions of management?
- have an assigned position
- legitimate source of power
- expected to carry out specific functions, duties, and responsibilities
- emphasize control, decision-making and foster an environment that promotes goal attainment
Define leading, according to CNA
- an interactive process that provides needed guidance and direction
- process of engaging and influencing others
What are the top 3 competencies categories for leadership and management?
- personal qualities
- interpersonal skills
- thinking skills
what are the top 6 competencies for nurse managers?
- accountability for professional practice
- verbal communication
- team-building skills
- leadership skills
- conflict resolution
- knowledge of ethical and legal issues
What are 5 management practices found to be effective when instituting change in complex organizations
- managing the change process actively
- balancing the tension between efficiency and reliability
- creating a learning environment
- creating and sustaining trust
- involving the workers in the work redesign and the workflow decision making
what are the main management theories?
- scientific management (Taylor)
- bureaucratic theory (Weber)
- Human Relations (Organizational Behaviour)
Scientific Management, what is the goal of management?
secure maximum prosperity for the employer, coupled with maximum prosperity for each employee
Scientific Management, what are the principles of management?
- use science to determine the best way to do a job
- match the worker to the job & train them for the job
- monitor performance & provide training when needed
- managers plan & train; workers execute the task
Bureaucratic theory, what is the goal of management?
organizational structure that is…
- characterized by many rules,
- standardized processes,
- procedures and requirements,
- clear hierarchies
- professional, almost impersonal interactions between employees
Bureaucratic theory, key description
- task specialization
- hierarchical authority
- formal selection (based on skills, education, experience)
- rules & requirements
- impersonal
- career orientation
Human Relations theory, description
if employee perceive that their work has significance, they are motivated to be more productive and produce higher-quality work
What was found in the Hawthorne Studies?
workers increase their output if they believe the manager cares about them
What is the Hawthorne Studies?
wanted to see if the environment affected work productivity
What are the characteristics of constructive followers?
- self-directed and have initiative
- proactive
- supportive commitment
What does ‘following’ look like
- active participant in the relationship with the leader
- engage the leader or manager by contributing to the work that needs to be done
What are the qualities of good followers, according to McCallum
- judgment
- work ethic
- competence
- honesty
- courage
- discretion
- loyalty
- ego management
What are the results of poor followership?
- not much gets done/ tasks are not well done
- poor work ethic
- bad morale
- unsatisfied customers
Define problem-solving
- gap between current situation and what should be happening
- recognize that you need to address the situation
Define decision-making
- the process within the process of problem-solving
- choosing between courses of action
What influences quality of decision-making?
- individual decision biases
- heuristics
- confirmation bias
- availability bias
- group decision biases
Define individual decision bias
error in judgment
Define heuristics
any approach to problem-solving that employs a practical method that is not guaranteed to be optimal, perfect, or rational
Define confirmation bias
tendency for people to seek info that reaffirms past experience and to discount info that contradicts past judgment
example of when we see confirmation bias
CNN vs Fox
Define availability bias
tendency for people to base their judgment on a preceding and memorable event that is readily recalled rather than complete info on the present situation
what makes up group decision biases
- groupthink
- group invulnerability
Define groupthink
- psychological phenomenon that occurs within a group of people in which the desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome.
- i.e. avoid conflict, get along w/ what everybody thinks
define group invulnerability
perception of group members that the group cannot be wrong, which can lead the group to make overly optimistic or overly risky decisions
Leaders effectively facilitate group decision-making through…
- team development
- coordination, cooperation, communication
- team competencies
- team dynamics
What are 3 tools to help group decision-making?
- brainstorming
- 6 thinking hats
- SWOT analysis
Describe the brainstorming tool
- stimulate creative, spontaneous, and free-flowing thoughts of individuals and teams
- important for generating novel ideas and focusing attention on specific issues
- quantity of response is not as important as the quality
Describe the 6 thinking hats tool
- used by groups to look at problems laterally from 6 different perspectives
- each hat represents a different style of parallel thinking or role that a wearer assumes in a group
- as participants switch from one hat to another, they can examine their own style of thinking and affects on decision making
Describe the 6 thinking hats
- black hat: negative, critical
- blue hat: rational, decisive
- green hat: creative, innovative
- red hat: intuitive, emotional
- yellow hat: positive, optimistic
- white hat: objective, factual
What does SWOT stand for?
- strengths & weaknesses (internal)
- opportunities & threats (external)
Describe the SWOT tool
- study of an organization’s internal strengths + weakness, as well as its external opportunities + threats
- commonly used in strategic planning or marketing efforts, but can also use by individuals and groups in decision-making
