~Class 18 - Self-Concept Flashcards
What is Self-Concept?
The organized set of thoughts, ideas, and perceptions that we hold about ourselves as a person
Self-Concept changes from ___ to becoming ___.
absolute // relative
How do young children/preschool age children think of themselves?
- Young children, preschoolers, 3, 4, 5y/o’s, tend to have a somewhat inflated sense of their abilities, and look at themselves in b&w terms.
- They think of themselves in terms of their absolute abilities, and often tend to see those abilities really positively, and think they’re capable of anything.
Babies show stronger reflexes toward ___ stimuli than toward ___ stimuli.
external // internal
Can babies distinguish between recordings of their own cries and the cries of other babies?
Yes
At what age can babies recognize their ability to control objects?
3 months
At what age do infants begin to view others as potential social partners?
4months
At what age do infants begin to view objects & people as stable entities?
by 8 months
What tests have been used to test toddlers Self-Concept?
The Mirror/Rouge test & Shopping Cart Test
How do 12-14 month babies react to the Mirror/Rouge test?
12-14 months are very unlikely to respond as if they recognize the mark is on their own body. They’re clearly not recognizing the person in the mirror is them, so they’re not showing that sense of self-recognition
At what age will a baby recognize themselves in the mirror in the Mirror/Rouge test?
18 months
At what age do babies begin to understand themselves as physical entities that affect the world around them?
18 months
Babies below age ___ cannot successfully complete the shopping cart task.
18 months
An ___ month will still make scale errors despite still recognizing themselves as a physical entity.
18
At what age is there an emerging sense of ownership and possessiveness, as well as self-sufficiency?
2y/o
What are categorical-self descriptions?
- Age, gender, general evaluative characteristics
- Classification based on personal characteristics
At what age do children begin defining themselves in categorical-self terms?
2y/o
How do Preschool/3-5 age children describe themselves?
- Their self-descriptions are focused on concrete and physical aspects of who they are and how they see themselves.
- They talk about concrete characteristics
- They also tend to talk about themselves in Absolute terms, b&w thinking
- Generally positive estimations of abilities (unrealistically so)
At what age do children start talking about themselves more in psychological terms, like inner characteristics, and in social terms, like talking about their role in different groups or communities?
school/age7y/o and beyond
How do elementary school-aged children describe themselves?
- Social & psychological terms (”I’m cheerful. I’m a Girl Guide…”)
- Relative terms (social comparison)
- Generally realistic estimations of abilities (calibrated confidence)
How are elementary school-aged children judging their own characteristics and abilities?
They’re looking to other people and seeing how their performance compares Their estimation of how well they do in a given domain tends to correlate pretty well with how other people would rate them on those areas.
The “looking-glass self” applies to what age group?
elementary school-aged children
How is an elementary-school-aged childs self-esteem gagued?
- One of which is the type of feedback that they’re getting from others on their performance, characteristics, and abilities.
- The “looking-glass self”, where you see yourself and your characteristics reflected back through the eyes of others and how they respond to you.
- Their self-esteem is most impacted by the domains of their life, the characteristics, skills and abilities that they view as most important.
- If they think they are terrible at sports and not athletic, that’s not going to negatively impact their self esteem too strongly unless they think this is important.
- Whatever characteristics are most important to them are the ones that tend to be most informative for determining their self-esteem.
At what age do we start to see increasing sophistication in how teenagers think about themselves?
Adolescence
Adolescents’ self-concepts are increasingly ___, more ___ and ___.
abstract/idealistic // differentiated // integrated
What ages/grades don’t notice discrepancies in how they say they would act, and also aren’t bothered by the discrepancy?
Grade 7’s/11-12
What ages/grades notice discrepancies in how they say they would act, and are bothered by the discrepancy?
Grade 9/middle adolesence
What ages notice discrepancies in how they say they would act, but aren’t bothered by the discrepancy?
late adolesence
