~Class 18 - Self-Concept

Question 1

What is Self-Concept?

Answer 1

The organized set of thoughts, ideas, and perceptions that we hold about ourselves as a person

Question 2

Self-Concept changes from ___ to becoming ___.

Answer 2

absolute // relative

Question 3

How do young children/preschool age children think of themselves?

Answer 3

• Young children, preschoolers, 3, 4, 5y/o’s, tend to have a somewhat inflated sense of their abilities, and look at themselves in b&w terms.
• They think of themselves in terms of their absolute abilities, and often tend to see those abilities really positively, and think they’re capable of anything.

Question 4

Babies show stronger reflexes toward ___ stimuli than toward ___ stimuli.

Answer 4

external // internal

Question 5

Can babies distinguish between recordings of their own cries and the cries of other babies?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

At what age can babies recognize their ability to control objects?

Answer 6

3 months

Question 7

At what age do infants begin to view others as potential social partners?

Answer 7

4months

Question 8

At what age do infants begin to view objects & people as stable entities?

Answer 8

by 8 months

Question 9

What tests have been used to test toddlers Self-Concept?

Answer 9

The Mirror/Rouge test & Shopping Cart Test

Question 10

How do 12-14 month babies react to the Mirror/Rouge test?

Answer 10

12-14 months are very unlikely to respond as if they recognize the mark is on their own body. They’re clearly not recognizing the person in the mirror is them, so they’re not showing that sense of self-recognition

Question 11

At what age will a baby recognize themselves in the mirror in the Mirror/Rouge test?

Answer 11

18 months

Question 12

At what age do babies begin to understand themselves as physical entities that affect the world around them?

Answer 12

18 months

Question 13

Babies below age ___ cannot successfully complete the shopping cart task.

Answer 13

18 months

Question 14

An ___ month will still make scale errors despite still recognizing themselves as a physical entity.

Answer 14

18

Question 15

At what age is there an emerging sense of ownership and possessiveness, as well as self-sufficiency?

Answer 15

2y/o

Question 16

What are categorical-self descriptions?

Answer 16

• Age, gender, general evaluative characteristics

- Classification based on personal characteristics

Question 17

At what age do children begin defining themselves in categorical-self terms?

Answer 17

2y/o

Question 18

How do Preschool/3-5 age children describe themselves?

Answer 18

• Their self-descriptions are focused on concrete and physical aspects of who they are and how they see themselves.
• They talk about concrete characteristics
• They also tend to talk about themselves in Absolute terms, b&w thinking
• Generally positive estimations of abilities (unrealistically so)

Question 19

At what age do children start talking about themselves more in psychological terms, like inner characteristics, and in social terms, like talking about their role in different groups or communities?

Answer 19

school/age7y/o and beyond

Question 20

How do elementary school-aged children describe themselves?

Answer 20

• Social & psychological terms (”I’m cheerful. I’m a Girl Guide…”)
• Relative terms (social comparison)
• Generally realistic estimations of abilities (calibrated confidence)

Question 21

How are elementary school-aged children judging their own characteristics and abilities?

Answer 21

They’re looking to other people and seeing how their performance compares Their estimation of how well they do in a given domain tends to correlate pretty well with how other people would rate them on those areas.

Question 22

The “looking-glass self” applies to what age group?

Answer 22

elementary school-aged children

Question 23

How is an elementary-school-aged childs self-esteem gagued?

Answer 23

• One of which is the type of feedback that they’re getting from others on their performance, characteristics, and abilities.
• The “looking-glass self”, where you see yourself and your characteristics reflected back through the eyes of others and how they respond to you.
• Their self-esteem is most impacted by the domains of their life, the characteristics, skills and abilities that they view as most important.
• If they think they are terrible at sports and not athletic, that’s not going to negatively impact their self esteem too strongly unless they think this is important.
• Whatever characteristics are most important to them are the ones that tend to be most informative for determining their self-esteem.

Question 24

At what age do we start to see increasing sophistication in how teenagers think about themselves?

Answer 24

Adolescence

Question 25

Adolescents’ self-concepts are increasingly ___, more ___ and ___.

Answer 25

abstract/idealistic // differentiated // integrated

Question 26

What ages/grades don’t notice discrepancies in how they say they would act, and also aren’t bothered by the discrepancy?

Answer 26

Grade 7’s/11-12

Question 27

What ages/grades notice discrepancies in how they say they would act, and are bothered by the discrepancy?

Answer 27

Grade 9/middle adolesence

Question 28

What ages notice discrepancies in how they say they would act, but aren’t bothered by the discrepancy?

Answer 28

late adolesence