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Bio210 > Class 10 - The Skeletal System > Flashcards

Class 10 - The Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Bones found in the axial skeleton (6)

A
  1. Skull
  2. Vertebrae
  3. Sternum
  4. Ribs
  5. Sacrum
  6. Hyoid
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2
Q

Bone groups found in the appendicular skeleton (4)

A
  1. Pectoral girdle (clavicle, scapula)
  2. Upper extremity (humerus, radius, ulna, carpals)
  3. Pelvic girdle (hip bone, sacrum)
  4. Lower extremity (femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals)
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3
Q

Average number of bones of adult and at birth

A

Adult: ~206

At birth: ~270, decrease with fusion (e.g. ilium, ischium, and pubis—>hip bone)

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4
Q

The skull + 6 cavities

A

22 bones joined by sutures (immovable joints).

  1. Cranial cavity - encloses brain
  2. Orbits - eye sockets
  3. Nasal cavity
  4. Oral cavity
  5. Middle and inner ear cavities
  6. Paranasal sinuses
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5
Q

4 sinuses + 2 purposes

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Sphenoid
  3. Ethmoid
  4. Maxillary

Purposes:
A. Lighten skull
B. Add resonance to voice

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6
Q

Foramina (sing: foramen)

A

Holes that allow passage for nerves and blood vessels

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7
Q

2 major categories of skull bones

A
  1. Cranial (enclose brain)
  2. Facial
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8
Q

Meninges

A

Membranes that separate brain from bones. Dura mater is thickest one.

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9
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Inferior opening of cranium where brain and spinal cord meet

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10
Q

2 parts of cranium

A
  1. Calvaria (skullcap)
  2. Base (floor)
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11
Q

3 paired depressions of cranial base (skull-cranium-base) + what part of brain they contain

A
  1. Anterior cranial fossa - frontal lobe of brain
  2. Middle cranial fossa - temporal lobes
  3. Posterior cranial fossa - cerebellum
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12
Q

What are the eight ( 6 unique) cranial bones?
(skull-cranium)

A
  1. Frontal (1)
  2. Parietal (2)
  3. Temporal (2)
  4. Occipital (1)
  5. Sphenoid (1)
  6. Ethmoid (1)
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13
Q

Frontal bone + 4 characteristics

A

Forms forehead and part of roof of cranium.

  1. Coronal suture - posterior boundary of frontal bone
  2. Supraorbital margin - ridge of bone deep to eyebrow
  3. Supraorbital foramen
  4. Glabella - smooth area above root of nose
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14
Q

Parietal bones + 4 sutures + 2 features

A

4 sutures:
1. Sagittal suture
2. Coronal suture
3. Lambdoid suture
4. Squamous suture

Features:
A. Parietal foramen
B. Superior and inferior temporal lines (attachment of temporalis muscle)

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15
Q

4 parts of temporal bones (skull-cranium-temporal)

A
  1. Squamous part
  2. Tympanic part
  3. Mastoid part
  4. Petrous part
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16
Q

3 features of squamous part of temporal lobe
(skull-cranium-temporal-squamous part)

A
  1. squamous suture
  2. Zygomatic process
  3. Mandibular fossa
17
Q

2 features of tympanic part of temporal bones
(skull-cranium-temporal-tympanic part)

A
  1. external acoustic meatus (ear canal)
  2. Styloid process (muscle attachment)
18
Q

4 features of mastoid part of temporal bone
(skull-cranium-temporal-mastoid part)

A
  1. Mastoid process
  2. Mastoid notch
  3. Stylomastoid foramen
  4. Mastoid foramen
19
Q

3 features of petrous part of temporal bone
(skull-cranium-temporal-petrous part)

A
  1. Internal acoustic meatus
  2. Carotid canal
  3. Jugular foramen
20
Q

7 features of occipital bone
(skull-cranium-occipital)

A
  1. Foramen magnum
  2. Basilar part
  3. Occipital condyles
  4. Condylar canals
  5. Hypoglossal canal
  6. External occipital protuberance
  7. Superior/inferior nuchal lines
21
Q

Sphenoid bone structure + 10 features
(skull-cranium-sphenoid)

A

Median body and greater and lesser wings.

  1. Optic canal
  2. Anterior clinoid processes
  3. Superior orbital fissure
  4. Sella turcica
  5. Foramen rotudum
  6. Foramen ovale
  7. Foramen spinosum
  8. Foramen lacerum
  9. Posterior nasal apertures
  10. Medial/lateral pterygoid plates
22
Q

3 major portions of ethmoid bone
(skull-cranium-ethmoid)

A
  1. Perpendicular plate
  2. Cribriform plate
  3. Ethmoidal labyrinth
23
Q

2 features of cribriform plate
(skull-cranium-ethmoid-cribriform plate).

A
  1. Crista galli
  2. Cribriform foramina
24
Q

3 features of ethmoidal labryinth

A
  1. Ethmoidal cells (air spaces), make up Ethmoidal sinus
  2. Orbital plate
  3. Superior/middle nasal conchae (turbulence flow of inhaled air)
25
Q

14 facial bones (8 unique)

A
  1. Maxillae (2)
  2. Palatine (2)
  3. Zygomatic (2)
  4. Lacrimal (2)
  5. Inferior nasal conchae (2)
  6. Nasal (2)
  7. Vomer (1)
  8. Mandible (1)
26
Q

6 features of maxillae
(skull-facial-maxillae)

A
  1. Alveolar processes
  2. Alveoli
  3. Infraorbital foramen
  4. Inferior orbital fissure
  5. Palatine processes (hard palate)
  6. Incisive fossa
27
Q

9 features of the mandible
(skull-facial-mandible)

A
  1. Body/ramus/angle
  2. Mental symphysis
  3. Mental protuberance
  4. Mental foramina
  5. Alveolar processes (between teeth)
  6. Condylar process (TMJ)
  7. Coronoid process
  8. Mandibular notch
  9. Mandibular foramen
28
Q

7 (but list 2) bones associated with the skull but not part of it

A
  1. 6 Auditory ossicles
  2. Hyoid bone
29
Q

Sesamoid + sutural bones

A

Sesamoid - Bones that form within tendons (patella)

Sutural - Extra bones which develop along suture lines.

30
Q

4 fontanelles of infant brain + 2 purposes

A
  1. Anterior
  2. Posterior
  3. Sphenoid
  4. Mastoid

A. Allow shifting of head bones during brain growth

B. Allow for passage of head through birth canal

Bio210 (10 decks)

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