City_iza_unit_01

Question 1

used to describe a business, economy, city etc. that is controlled in a way that produces good results. (dobrze zarządzany) /The city hasn’t been well-run for years and now it’s facing serious financial problems. /

Answer 1

well-run – (adjective)

Question 2

describes buildings or areas that are in very bad condition. (zniszczony; zaniedbany) /The run-down districts of the city provide cover for some illegal activities./

Answer 2

run-down – (adjective)

Question 3

describes roads and towns where there is too much traffic and movement is made difficult. (zatłoczony, zapchany); / Turkey’s largest city has the most congested streets in Europe, according to new research./ congestion (noun)

Answer 3

congested – (adjective)

Question 4

(especially of a city) covering a large area of land with buildings which have been added at different times so that it looks untidy. (rozciągnięty, rozległy); /Wrocław is a sprawling city with roads and commerce spreading out in all directions./ to sprawl (verb)

Answer 4

sprawling – (adjective)

Question 5

A) extremely clean. (nieskazitelny); /Her house is spotless but she spends long hours cleaning it every day / b) a very good and honest character, record/reputation etc. (nieposzlakowany, nienaganny) /She was young and pretty, with a spotless reputation./

Answer 5

spotless – (adjective)

Question 6

a) energetic, exciting and full of enthusiasm. - city/ - community, - economy etc. (pełen energii, dynamiczny); /The hope is that this area will develop into a vibrant commercial centre./ b) describes colour or light that is bright and strong. (jaskrawy, żywy); / He always uses vibrant colours in his paintings./

Answer 6

vibrant – (adjective)

Question 7

having a lot of money or owning a lot of things; rich. -area/ - family, - person, - lifestyle (zamożny, zasobny); /The son of the affluent businessman, Clifford Brandt, was arrested by the National Police of Haiti for his involvement in kidnapping two people./ affluence (noun)

Answer 7

affluent – (adjective

Question 8

to attack a person in a public place and steal their money. (napadać w miejscu publicznym, rabować), /He was mugged in broad daylight./ mugging (activity; noun), a mugger (a person, noun)

Answer 8

to mug – (verb)

Question 9

to arrive in great numbers or amounts (napływać masowo); /Once our business gets started, the money will be rolling in./

Answer 9

to roll in (money) – (phrasal verb)

Question 10

describes buildings or places that are not cared for and are in bad condition. (zaniedbany, podupadły); /The theatre has been left to stand/lie derelict./

Answer 10

derelict – (adjective)

Question 11

a) extremely or unpleasantly dirty; (brudny) / Wash your hands – they’re filthy); filth (noun) b) containing sexually offensive words or pictures. (sprośny, wulgarny); /He keeps telling those filthy jokes of his but nobody seems to laugh at them./

Answer 11

filthy – (adjective)

Question 12

not having the things that are necessary for a pleasant life, such as enough money, food or good living conditions; – area, - background, - childhood; [pozbawiony (środków do życia), wyzuty z); /She comes from a deprived background/ to deprive sb of sth (verb), deprivation (noun)

Answer 12

deprived – (adjective)

Question 13

a) not interesting or exciting in any way; boring. (nudny) / She wrote dull, respectable articles for the local newspaper./ b) not clear, bright or shiny; dark. (matowy; pochmurny) / The first day of our holidays was dull/ c) describes a sound or pain that is not sharp or clear. (stępiony) / He felt a dull ache at the back of his head/ dullness (noun), dully (adverb);

Answer 13

dull – (adjective)

Question 14

consisting of parts that are positioned together closely or in a tidy way; using very little space. (zwarty, zbity, zajmujący niewiele miejsca); / What a compact office! How did you fit so much into so little space?/ compactness (noun), compactly (adverb)

Answer 14

compact – (adjective)

Question 15

The sudden noise in the kitchen took her by surprise/

Answer 15

to take sb by surprise – to surprise sb

Question 16

if someone does something like there is/was no tomorrow, they do it very fast, in large amounts and without thinking carefully; /After his win on the football pools, he began spending money like there was no tomorrow./

Answer 16

like there is /there was no tomorrow

Question 17

a) worried and serious or sad (ponury) /Her face was grim as she told them the bad news./ b) worrying, without hope (przygnębiający) / Don’t say the future looks grim. Be optimistic!/

Answer 17

grim – (adjective)

Question 18

the disadvantage of a situation. (minus) / The downside of living here is that it is expensive./ upside – the advantage of a situation. (plus)

Answer 18

downside – (noun)

Question 19

a) a dirty and untidy place. (śmietnisko)/The city is a complete dump./ b) (rubbish dump) a place where people are allowed to leave their rubbish; (wysypisko śmieci); c) a place where things of a particular type are stored, especially by an army. (skład)
/ an ammunition/arms/weapons/food dump/

Answer 19

dump

Question 20

to appear or start to exist suddenly; (pojawiać się) / Thousands of new businesses have sprung up in the past couple of years/

Answer 20

to spring up – (phrasal verb)

Question 21

if a liquid drips, it falls in drops, or you make it fall in drops. (kapać, ociekać) /It’s unbearably humid! You only have to walk out of your hotel and you’re dripping in sweat./

Answer 21

to drip – (verb)

Question 22

if a goose or a car horn honks, it makes a short, loud sound. (krzyczeć – gęś; trąbić) / You just spend hours and hours in your car crawling along, with everybody honking their horns. /

Answer 22

to honk – (verb)

Question 23

shocking and very bad. -weather, - conditions, - injuries, - journey (odrzucający, przerażający) /Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions/ to appall (verb) to make someone have strong feelings of shock or of disapproval. (zatrważać) / The state of the kitchen appalled her. / appalled (adjective) – I was appalled at/by the lack of staff in the hospital./

Answer 23

appalling – (adjective)

Question 24

a very small mark, piece or amount. (drobina, pyłek, plamka itp.) /- of dust/dirt/light/

Answer 24

speck – (noun)

Question 25

a tall metal structure with a long horizontal part which is used for lifting and moving heavy objects. (dźwig, żuraw) /The crane lifted the container off the ship/

Answer 25

crane – (noun)

Question 26

a continuous low sound. (brzęczenie) /I heard a buzz and then saw the plane in the distance./ if there’s a buzz in a place, it is lively and energetic./The place has a real buzz especially downtown./ buzzing (adjective), to buzz (verb)

Answer 26

buzz – (noun)

Question 27

if you choke, or if something chokes you, you stop breathing because something is blocking your throat. (dławić, dusić) /She choked to death on a fish bone/

Answer 27

to choke – (verb)

Question 28

a reduction in the amount or success of something, such as a country’s economic activity (spadek, zmniejszenie)/ an economic downturn – spadek koniunktury/ This is the evidence of a downturn in the housing market/ upturn - (especially in economics) an improvement or a change to a higher level or value. (wzrost, zwyżka) /a sharp upturn in economy/

Answer 28

downturn – (noun)

Question 29

a person injured or killed in a serious accident or war. (ofiara wypadku, wojny etc.) /The train was derailed but there were no casualties, police said./

Answer 29

casualty – (noun)

Question 30

the number of people who die because of an event such as a war or an accident. (liczba zabitych w wypadku, wojnie) / The day after the explosion the death toll had risen to 90./

Answer 30

death toll – (noun)

Question 31

a) to delay taking action or avoid giving an answer in order to have more time to make a decision or get an advantage. (grać na zwłokę, opóźniać) /She says she’ll give me the money next week but I think she’s just stalling (for time)./b) if you stall an event, you delay it or prevent it from happening for a period of time. / Fears are growing that a tax increase may stall economic recovery./

Answer 31

to stall – (verb)

Question 32

the period which follows an unpleasant event or accident, and the effects which it causes. (następstwo, pokłosie) /Many more people died in the aftermath of the explosion./

Answer 32

aftermath – (noun)

Question 33

to be at the start of a new period, especially when important changes or new things happen, or to cause important changes to start happening. (zapoczątkować)/Yesterday’s match between Arsenal and Liverpool ushered in the start of the new football season./

Answer 33

to usher in

Question 34

to grow, develop or be successful. (kwitnąć, dobrze się rozwijać); /His business thrived in the years before the war./ thriving (adjective);/ a thriving economy/

Answer 34

to thrive – (verb)

Question 35

to grow or develop successfully. (rozkwitać, prosperować) / Watercolour painting began to flourish in Britain around 1750./ flourishing (adjective)

Answer 35

to flourish /flʌr.ɪʃ/– (verb)

Question 36

a long strip or large area especially of land. /Huge swathes of rainforest are being cleared for farming and mining./

Answer 36

swathe /sweɪð/ – (noun)

Question 37

to defeat or succeed in controlling or dealing with something. (przezyciężyć, pokonać) / to overcome difficulties / obstacles /problems /resistance/ b) to prevent someone from being able to act or think in the usual way. (usually passive); (ogarnięty czymś, pogrążony w) / Overcome with/by emotion, she found herself unable to speak for a few minutes./

Answer 37

to overcome – (verb)

Question 38

having the stated number of parts, or multiplied by the stated number e.g. twofold, threefold, fourfold etc. (dwojaki/podójny, trzykrotnie, czterokrotnie itd.) /The problems are twofold - firstly, economic, and secondly, political./

Answer 38

-fold – (suffix)

Question 39

to prevent from doing something or to make someone less enthusiastic about doing something by making it difficult for them to do it or by threatening bad results if they do it. (powstrzymywać, odstraszać) /These measures are designed to deter an enemy attack./ deterrence (noun)

Answer 39

to deter /dɪˈtɜːr / - (noun)

Question 40

to appear by coming out of something or out from behind something. (wyłaniać się, pojawiać się) / She emerged from the sea, blue with cold./b) to become known, especially as a result of examining something or asking questions about it. (ujawniać, ukazać się) / The facts behind the scandal are sure to emerge eventually./

Answer 40

to emerge – (verb)

Question 41

to experience something which is unpleasant or which involves a change. (poddawać się czemuś, przechodzić)/ She underwent an operation on a tumour in her left lung last year./

Answer 41

to undergo – (verb)

Question 42

to increase three times in size or amount, or to make something do this. (potroić); /We have tripled our output over the past two years./ triple (adjective)

Answer 42

to triple – (verb)

Question 43

to gradually become less, worse, or lower. (podupadać, maleć) / The party’s popularity has declined in the opinion polls./decline (noun)

Answer 43

to decline – (verb)

Question 44

to change a place from being a poor area to a richer one, by people of a higher social class moving to live there. / The area where I grew up has been all modernized and gentrified, and has lost all its old character./ gentrification (noun)

Answer 44

to gentrify – (verb; often passive)

Question 45

the piles of broken stone and bricks, etc. that are left when a building falls down or is destroyed. (gruz) /The bomb reduced the house to rubble./

Answer 45

rubble – (noun)

Question 46

to cause something to continue. (utrwalać, utrzymywać, kontynuować) /Increasing the supply of weapons will only perpetuate the violence and anarchy./ perpetuation (noun)

Answer 46

to perpetuate

Question 47

the quality of being good and deserving praise. (wartość, zaleta) /Brierley’s book has the merit of being both informative and readable./ the merits of – the advantages something has compared to something else. /We discussed the merits of green tea./

Answer 47

merit – (noun, formal)

Question 48

to be very excited or emotional, or to cause someone be this way. / Her latest album just freaked me out./

Answer 48

to freak sb out

Question 49

to look extremely similar to someone. /Josie is the spitting image of her granny at the same age./

Answer 49

to be the spitting image of sb

Question 50

the very top edge of a container. (brzeg) /She filled the jug to the brim/

Answer 50

brim - (noun)

Question 51

an intentional act, especially a very bad or very good one. (czyn) / He always helps people and does other good deeds./

Answer 51

deed – (noun)