Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

COMPANA > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular System FUNCTIONS

A

Transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, metabolic wastes, hormones and antibodies

Serve in conjunction with the kidneys and some other organs in maintaining the internal environment

Removal of toxic and pathogenic materials from the body

Regulation of body temperature with the help of the muscles and integument

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lymphatic System FUNCTIONS

A

Return of leaked proteins back to the blood circulation

Transports digested fat from the intestine to the bloodstream

Removal and destruction of toxins

Resisting the spread of disease throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Channels of Blood Circulation

Carry blood away from the heart
More muscle and elastic fibers

A

Arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Arteries
passageways

A

Arterioles -> capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Channels of Blood Circulation

Carry blood toward the heart
Less muscle and elastic fibers

A

Veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Veins
passageways

A

Capillaries -> venules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

passageway of blood via vessels

A

artery -> arteriole -> capillaries -> venule -> veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Channels of Blood Circulation
Endothelium only
Lumen can only accommodate the diameter of one RBC
Capillary shunts are direct connections between arterioles and venules

A

Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

are systems of veins terminating in a capillary bed

a network of blood vessels that connects two capillary systems, transporting blood from one organ to another

A

Portal Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Portal Systems

A

Renal
Hepatic
Hypophyseal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Portal Systems

blood from tail capillaries passes the kidney before reaching the heart

A

Renal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Portal Systems

blood from digestive system passes the liver before reaching the heart

A

Hepatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Portal Systems

blood from hypothalamus passes the adenohypophysis before reaching the heart

A

Hypophyseal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Composition of the Blood
55% of human blood

A

Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Composition of the Blood
Composed of 90% water and 10% dissolved substances (proteins, ions and hormones)

A

Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

is plasma devoid of fibrinogen (clotting fibers)

A

Serum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

45% of human blood

A

Formed elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Formed elements

A

Erythrocytes (RBC)
Leukocytes (WBC)
Thrombocytes (platelets)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hemopoiesis occurs where

A

Blood islands in area opaca of yolk sac filled with mesenchyme -> production of hemocytoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the process of the body producing blood cells

A

Hemopoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

hemocytoblasts may form the following :

A

Formed elements
Blood forming tissues of liver, kidney, spleen or bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

is the chief source of blood cells and is located in the spongy bone

A

Bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

is a lymphatic organ and contains macrophages that “eat” defective blood cells as well as pathogens

A

Spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Oval and nucleated in most vertebrates

Circular, biconcave and non-nucleated in mammals with exceptions

A

Red Blood Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Red Blood Cells

A

Life cycle in 3 to 4 months or 120 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

exceptions of Circular, biconcave and non-nucleated RBCs

A

(except camels and llamas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Functional component in RBC

A

hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

is an iron pigment that attaches to O2 forming oxyhemoglobin

A

heme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Less numerous than the red blood cells and platelets

A

White Blood Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

White Blood Cells
can pass through capillary walls and phagocytose broken-down tissues

A

Granulocytes and monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

White Blood Cells
are abundant in lymph nodes, spleen and other lymphoid tissues

A

Lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Participate with fibrinogen in the clotting of blood

Tiny fragments of stem cells found in bone marrow

Consist of membrane enclosed cytoplasm devoid of nucleus

A

Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

other large cells that produce platelets, which are cell fragments that help form blood clots

Tiny fragments of stem cells found in bone marrow

A

megakaryocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

A muscular pump within the pericardial cavity

Pulsates rhythmically via the autonomic nervous system

A

Heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Heart
Walls of the heart

A

Endocardium (arterial intima)
Myocardium (arterial media)
Epicardium (arterial adventitia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Heart
types of Pericardium

A

Visceral
Parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Heart
Chambers of the heart

A

Sinus venosus
Atrium
Ventricle
Conus arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

the heart is Supplied and drained by the

A

coronary arteries and veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Heart Circuits:
Single circuit

A

Heart -> gills -> body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Heart Circuits:
types of Double circuits

A

Pulmonary circuit
Systemic circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Systemic circuit is used by what animals

A

amniotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

single circuit is used by what animals

43
Q

Pulmonary circuit is used by what animals

A

gill breathing amphibians

44
Q

Heart Circuits:
Pulmonary circuit

A

Heart -> lungs -> heart

45
Q

Heart Circuits:
Systemic circuit

A

Heart -> body -> heart

46
Q

Sharks
which part has these adaptations?

Thin walls, little muscle and much fibrous tissue
Collecting chamber for venous blood that is returning from all parts of the body

A

Sinus venosus

47
Q

Sharks
which part has these adaptations?

Large, thin-walled muscular sac

48
Q

Sharks
which part has these adaptations?

Very thick muscular walls
Actual pumping portion of the heart

49
Q

Sharks
which part has these adaptations?

Chiefly cardiac muscle and elastic connective tissue
With semilunar valves to prevent backflow to ventricle

A

Conus arteriosus

50
Q

Teleosts
which part has these adaptations?

Shorter than sharks with only one set of valves

A

Conus arteriosus

51
Q

Teleosts
which part has these adaptations?

at the base of the ventral aorta maintains steady flow of blood

Also present in perennibranchiate amphibians

A

Bulbus arteriosus

52
Q

Dipnoans and Amphibians
which part has these adaptations?

divided by interatrial septum (complete in dipnoans, anurans and some urodeles)

53
Q

Dipnoans and Amphibians
which part has these adaptations?

divided by interventricular septum (incomplete in dipnoans and urodeles but absent in anurans) and ventricular trabeculae (amphibians)

54
Q

Dipnoans and Amphibians
which part has these adaptations?

has a spiral valve (prevents mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood) (dipnoans and anurans)

A

Conus arteriosus

55
Q

Dipnoans and Amphibians
which part has these adaptations?

Shortened (dipnoans and anurans)
With bulbus arteriosus in amphibians
prominent in urodeles

A

ventral aorta

56
Q

animals that have
2 atria and 2 ventricles

57
Q

animals that have 2 atria and 2 ventricles with sinus venosus

58
Q

Amniotes
atrium:
Interatrial septum is

59
Q

Amniotes
atrium:
Confluent during ontogeny via an interatrial foramen called ___________ in the right atrium of mammals

A

foramen ovale that later closes as a fossa ovale

60
Q

Amniotes
atrium:
Right atrium receives blood from _________ (if present)

A

sinus venosus

61
Q

Amniotes
atrium:
Left atrium receives blood from

A

pulmonary veins

62
Q

Amniotes
atrium:
are blind chambers in both atria of mammals (unknown importance)

63
Q

Amniotes
which part has these adaptations?

Sinoatrial node (SA node) plays important role in heart innervation
Partially incorporated to the right atrial wall

A

Sinus venosus

64
Q

Amniotes
which part has these adaptations?

Ventricles:
Interventricular septum is

65
Q

Amniotes
which part has these adaptations?

in turtles and squamates as a 3rd chamber prevents mixing of O2-rich and -poor blood in heart

A

Cavum venosum

66
Q

Amniotes
which part has these adaptations?

in mammals as ridges/columns of muscle in inner wall for strength

A

Trabeculae carnae

67
Q

Amniotes
which part has these adaptations?

is a heterotopic bone in the interventricular septum of deer and bovines

68
Q

Amniotes
which part has these adaptations?

Fibrous flaps or cusps that guard passageways from atria to ventricles
Crocodilians and birds have muscular _____ at right side of heart

69
Q

In mammals, valves are connected by _____________ of the ventricle walls

A

chordae tendinae to papillary muscles

70
Q

atrioventricular valves

A

Tricuspid and bicuspid

71
Q

semilunar valves

A

Pulmonary and aortic

72
Q

Blood Flow
Ventricular relaxation
Blood from atria freely pass through valves to the ventricles

73
Q

Blood Flow
Ventricular contraction
Valves forced forward then upward to prevent backflow of blood

74
Q

Innervation
Dependent on electrolyte concentrations (Na, K and Ca ions) within heart
Autogenic

75
Q

Innervation
Lacks any external innervation
Intrinsic conduction system

76
Q

Fishes, amphibians and non-avian reptiles what is necessary to produce a regular heartbeat

A

Extrinsic neural stimulus

77
Q

Fishes, amphibians and non-avian reptiles uses this as the pacemaker of the heart is innervated by the 10th cranial nerve (vagus)
Heartbeat starts here then to atria and ventricles

A

Sinus venosus

78
Q

Innervation in Anurans and amniotes
innervate the heart

A

Two sets of sympathetic nerve fibers innervate the heart

79
Q

Innervation in Anurans and amniotes
with inhibitory fibers

A

Vagus nerve

80
Q

Innervation in Anurans and amniotes
with accelerator fibers

A

Cardiac nerves

81
Q

Birds and mammals

Sinus venosus becomes incorporated into the wall of the right atrium as the

A

SA node (pacemaker)

82
Q

is unique to birds and mammals

83
Q

birds and mammals

are directly innervated by the autonomic nervous system

A

Purkinje fibers

84
Q

Originated from lateral plate mesoderm/hypomere

85
Q

have a straight pulsating tube as hearts

A

Fish and amphibian embryos

86
Q

have an unpaired tube as hearts

A

Fish and amphibian adults

87
Q

have a pair of tubes as hearts

88
Q

Amniotes what are the pair of tubes thet serve as hearts

A

Cephalic end - ventral aorta
Caudal end - receive blood and becomes unites

89
Q

Amphibians and amniotes
Atrial region finally lies _______ to ventricular region

90
Q

Amphibians and amniotes
Atrial chamber expands to form bilateral pouches into___________

A

left and right atria

91
Q

Amphibians and amniotes
Separation of right and left ventricular chambers via _______

A

interventricular septum

92
Q

Birds and mammals
becomes incorporated into the wall of right atrium

A

Sinus venosus

93
Q

Birds and mammals
is the first organ to function

94
Q

Supply most tissues with oxygenated blood (but carry deoxygenated blood to respiratory system)

A

Arterial Channels

95
Q

vessel that emerges from heart and passes forward beneath the pharynx

A

Ventral aorta

96
Q

vessel that (paired above the pharynx) passes caudally above the digestive tract

A

Dorsal aorta

97
Q

Six pairs of __________connect the ventral aorta with the dorsal aorta

A

aortic arches

98
Q

Aortic Arches of Tetrapod embryos

A

Embryos have 6 pairs of aortic arches

99
Q

Aortic Arches of Tetrapods
AA are temporary and not found in adults

A

1st and 2nd

100
Q

Aortic Arches of Tetrapods
AA and the paired dorsal aorta cranial becomes the internal carotid arteries

101
Q

Aortic Arches of Tetrapods
AA becomes the systemic arches

102
Q

Aortic Arches of Tetrapods
AA are usually lost

103
Q

Aortic Arches of Tetrapods
AA give off pulmonary arteries and supplies the lungs

COMPANA (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions