Circulatory system

Question 1

What do arteries do?

Answer 1

Carry blood AWAY from heart

Question 2

What do veins do?

Answer 2

Carry blood INTO the heart

Question 3

What is the structure of arteries?

Answer 3

Thick outer layer if muscle + elastin
Thick inner layer of muscle + elastin
Endothelium
Narrow central lumen

Question 4

What is the lumen?

Answer 4

The opening inside the blood vessel

Question 5

What are pulmonary vessels?

Answer 5

transport blood from RIGHT ventricle to lungs + back to LEFT ATRIUM.

Question 6

What are systemic vessels?

Answer 6

carry blood from LEFT VENTRICLE to tissues in all body + returns blood to RIGHT ATRIUM.

Question 7

What do the vessels make up?

Answer 7

2 SYSTEMS OF TUBES - begin + end at heart

Question 8

What do PULMONARY ARTERIES AND PULMONARY VEINS TRANSPORT?

Answer 8

Pulmonary arteries: transport blood with low O2 content from right ventricle to lungs.
Pulmonary veins: transport blood from lungs to left atrium of heart.

Question 9

What do SYSTEMIC ARTERIES AND SYSTEMIC VEINS TRANSPORT?

Answer 9

Systemic arteries: transport oxygenated blood from left ventricle to body tissues.
Systemic veins: transport blood from body tissues to right atrium of heart.

Question 10

What type of blood do pulmonary veins transport?

Answer 10

OXYGENATED BLOOD: has just been oxygenated in the lungs

Question 11

What type of blood do systemic veins transport?

Answer 11

BLOOD WITH REDUCED O2 CONTENT: has just been used for metabolic activities in tissue cells.

Question 12

Describe the structure of veins

Answer 12

Thin outer layer
Thin inner layer of muscle + elastin
Endothelium
WIDE CENTRAL LUMEN

Question 13

Why do arteries have a narrow lumen?

Answer 13

Blood from heart comes with a lot of pressure.
Therefore, arteries are thick walled so that they do not BURST + to maintain the same pressure, arteries have narrow lumen.

LUMEN BECOMES TIGHTER DUE TO BLOOD PRESSURE.

Question 14

Why do veins have a large lumen?

Answer 14

Because they carry blood at a LOW PRESSURE. + therefore have a thinner outer layer

Question 15

Why do arteries have thick outer layer?

Answer 15

Carry blood with high pressure so need to prevent artery from breaking (MORE PROTECTION).

Question 16

What es the main function of capillaries?

Answer 16

Exchange of materialas between blood + tissue cells.

Question 17

Why are capillaries so narrow?

Answer 17

Slow down speed of flow of blood - creating high pressure forcing plasma into surrounding tissue to bathe the cell.

Also slows down rate of flow of blood so substances like O2 + CO2 can be exchanged.
Therefore blood flows slowly back into veins + fom veins back to heart.

Question 18

What do valves do?

Answer 18

They ensure one - way flow

prevent the backward flow of blood

Question 19

What is the circulatory system?

Answer 19

System composed of: heart, blood vessels + blood that delivers nutrients+ other essential materials to cells whilst removing waste products.

Question 20

What does the RIGHT + LEFT HAND SIDE OF HEART PUMP?

Answer 20

RIGHT - HAND SIDE: pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs

LEFT - HAND SIDE: pumps oxygenated blood around body.

Question 21

What is adrenaline?

Answer 21

hormone produced by adrenal gland: incrases heart rate for FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE.

Question 22

How does adrenaline affect heart rate?

Answer 22

Makes heart beat faster + prepares body for flight (running away from danger) or fight (using muscles to fight off a competitor or predator)

Adrenaline increases heart rate + boosts delivery of OXYGE + GLUCOSE to brain + muscles.