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Abnormal Psychology > Chspter 4 - Assesment, Diagnostic And Treatment > Flashcards

Chspter 4 - Assesment, Diagnostic And Treatment Flashcards

1
Q

Idiographic understanding

A

An understanding of particular individuals

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2
Q

Assessment

A

The process of collecting and interpreting relevant information about a client or research participant

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3
Q

Standardization

A

The process in which a test is administered to a large group of people whose performance then serves as a standard or norm against which any individuals score can be measured

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4
Q

Reliability

A

A measure of consistency of test or research results

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5
Q

Validity

A

A measure of the accuracy of a test or studies results

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6
Q

What does your diagnosis determine?

A

Treatment

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7
Q

Clinical assessment tools

A
  • clinical interviews
  • psychological tests
  • observations
  • must be standardized and have clear reliability and validity
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8
Q

Clinical interviews

A
  • mental status interview

- case history interview

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9
Q

Mental status interview

A

Evaluates appearance, mood, speech and thoughts

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10
Q

Case history interview

A

Evaluates events leading up to clients current state

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11
Q

Face to face encounters

A
  • often 1st contact

- allows interviewer to focus on whatever topics they considered most important

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12
Q

Unstructured interviews

A

Open - ended questions

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13
Q

Structured interviews

A
  • closed ended questions

- often pre-prepared questions by interviewer

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14
Q

Limitations of client interviews

A
  • lack validity or accuracy
  • individuals may be intentionally misled
  • interviews may be biased or make mistakes in judgment
  • unstructured interviews may lack reliability
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15
Q

Mental status exam

A

A set of interview questions and observations designed to revel the degree and nature of a client’s abnormal functioning

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16
Q

Clinical test

A

A device for gathering information about a few aspects of a persons psychological functioning from which broader information about the person can be inferred

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17
Q

Protective test

A

A test consisting of ambiguous material that people interpret or respond to

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18
Q

Types of bias clinicians can have

A
  • only looking for one thing

- gender

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19
Q

Most popular interpretable tests (used mainly by psychodynamic theorists)

A
  • rorschach test
  • thematic apperception test
  • sentence completion tests
  • drawings
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20
Q

Rorschach Test

A
  • Use inkblots to show to clients to allow them to interpret what they see.
  • present one at a time
  • produced by Herman Rorschach (Swiss psychiatrist)
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21
Q

Thematic apperception test

A

A pictorial projective test. People are shown 30 cards with black and white pictures of individuals in vague situations and are asked to make up a dramatic story about each card.
They must tell:
- what is happening
- what led to it
- what the characters are feeling and thinking
- what the outcome of the situation will be
Created by H.A. Murray

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22
Q

Sentence-completion test

A

Client must finish a series of unfinished sentences such as “I wish…” or “ My father…”

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23
Q

Drawings

A

Client is asked to draw a picture or human figures and talk about them. The most popular is the Draw-a-Person test.

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24
Q

Draw a person test

A

The client must draw a picture of a person and then draw a picture of the opposite sex

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25
House-tree-person drawing
Client is told to draw a picture of a house, a tree and a person and is used to identify personality traits
26
What did H.A. Murray create?
Thematic Apperception Test
27
Strengths of Projective Tests
- largely relied on to gain supplementary information
28
Weakness of Projective Tests
- have rarely demonstrated reliability and validity - may be biased against minority’s groups - time consuming and costly
29
Personality Inventories
- An alternative way to collect information about individuals to ask them to assess themselves on their behavior, beliefs and feelings. - designed to measure broad personality characteristics - self report
30
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory a.k.a MMPI (Most used)
- 500 self statements: T/F or cannot say - describe physical concerns, mood, morale, attitude towards religion, sex, social activities, psychological symptoms - assess careless responding and lying - utilizes empirical keying
31
What are the 10 clinical scales of the MMPI?
- hypochondriasis - depression - hysteria - psychopathic deviate - Masculinity - Femininity - Paranoia - Psychasthenia - Schizophrenia - Hypokania - Social introversion
32
What is the range of the T-score and what does it mean for the MMPI?
- scale of 0 - 120 | - above 70 the client is classified as deviant
33
How do you detect lying on the MMPI?
Out of 15 questions, a majority would be answered as too high to live up to realistically in life Example: 9/15 is considered lying 2(3)/15 is considered realistic
34
Strengths of personality inventories
- easier, cheaper and faster than projective tests - objectively scores and standardized - computerized interpretation - appear to have a higher validity than projective tests
35
Weaknesses of personality inventories
- cannot be considered highly valid - measured traits cannot be directly examined - fails to allow cultural differences
36
Responsive inventories
clients are asked to provide detailed information about themselves much like the personality inventory - based on self-report - focus on one specific area of functioning • affective inventories • social skill inventories
37
Strengths of response inventory
- have strong face validity - quick - easy
38
Weakness of Responsive inventory
Not all subjected to standardization, realizability or validity
39
Psychophysiological Tests
Measure physiological response as an indication of psychological problems - includes heart rate, BP, body temperature, galvanic skin response, muscle contractions (polygraph test)
40
Weakness of psychophysiological tests
- require expensive equipment that must be tuned | - can be inaccurate and unreliable
41
Neurological tests
Directly assess brain function by assessing brain structure and activity (EEG)
42
Neuropsychological test
Indirectly assess brain function by assessing cognitive, perceptual and motor function (Bender visual - motor gestalt) (halstead-reitan)
43
Halstead-Reitan
- neuropsychological test | - used in rehab, and used to assess the progress of the patient during rehab
44
Strengths of neurological and neurophysiological tests
- can be very accurate - at best, screening devices - May be good when planning and evaluating rehab
45
Intelligence tests
- designed to indirectly measure intellectual ability - composed of series of test evaluating verbal and non verbal - general score is “intelligence quotiant”
46
Intelligence Quotient
- used to represent “mental age” and “chronological age” | - now it’s a deviation score (where it falls compared to others)
47
Strengths of intelligence test
- most carefully produced | - highly standardized
48
Weakness of intelligence test
- influence by non-intelligence factors
49
Systematic observations of behavior types
- naturalistic - analog (lab or artifical setting) - self-monitoring (can also change behavior)
50
Weakness of Naturalistic and Analogue
- reliability is a concern - validity is a concern - influence by theoretical orientation
51
What does AMIST stand for?
``` A - affect, attitude M - mood S - sensorium (orientation) I - intellect T - thought process ```
52
Painting a picture
- inconsistency in information (look for most likely pattern) - the more the data points to the same conclusion, the higher the confidence
53
DSM
- diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders - the “bible” for making psychiatric disorders in the U.S. - published by the American psychiatric association
54
ICD
- international criteria of diseases | - the standard criteria for psychiatric diseases in Europe
55
DSM 5 categories
- categorical information | - dimensional information
56
Categorical information
- DSM 5 | - refers to name of diagnosis indicated by symptoms
57
Dimensional information
- DSM 5 | - rating of how severe symptoms are and how dysfunctional the client is across dimensions of personality
58
Effectiveness of treatment? How many types?
- 400 type of treatment - it’s difficult to say if a treatment works, but if it’s a specific question for a specific therapy then it could be determined
59
What does SOAP stand for?
S - subjective O - objective A - assessment P - plan/treatment
60
What percent of the average person is better off with therapy rather than going untreated?
75%

Abnormal Psychology (16 decks)

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