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Abnormal Psychology > Chspter 4 - Assesment, Diagnostic And Treatment > Flashcards

Chspter 4 - Assesment, Diagnostic And Treatment Flashcards

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1
Q

Idiographic understanding

A

An understanding of particular individuals

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2
Q

Assessment

A

The process of collecting and interpreting relevant information about a client or research participant

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3
Q

Standardization

A

The process in which a test is administered to a large group of people whose performance then serves as a standard or norm against which any individuals score can be measured

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4
Q

Reliability

A

A measure of consistency of test or research results

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5
Q

Validity

A

A measure of the accuracy of a test or studies results

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6
Q

What does your diagnosis determine?

A

Treatment

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7
Q

Clinical assessment tools

A
  • clinical interviews
  • psychological tests
  • observations
  • must be standardized and have clear reliability and validity
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8
Q

Clinical interviews

A
  • mental status interview

- case history interview

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9
Q

Mental status interview

A

Evaluates appearance, mood, speech and thoughts

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10
Q

Case history interview

A

Evaluates events leading up to clients current state

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11
Q

Face to face encounters

A
  • often 1st contact

- allows interviewer to focus on whatever topics they considered most important

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12
Q

Unstructured interviews

A

Open - ended questions

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13
Q

Structured interviews

A
  • closed ended questions

- often pre-prepared questions by interviewer

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14
Q

Limitations of client interviews

A
  • lack validity or accuracy
  • individuals may be intentionally misled
  • interviews may be biased or make mistakes in judgment
  • unstructured interviews may lack reliability
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15
Q

Mental status exam

A

A set of interview questions and observations designed to revel the degree and nature of a client’s abnormal functioning

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16
Q

Clinical test

A

A device for gathering information about a few aspects of a persons psychological functioning from which broader information about the person can be inferred

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17
Q

Protective test

A

A test consisting of ambiguous material that people interpret or respond to

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18
Q

Types of bias clinicians can have

A
  • only looking for one thing

- gender

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19
Q

Most popular interpretable tests (used mainly by psychodynamic theorists)

A
  • rorschach test
  • thematic apperception test
  • sentence completion tests
  • drawings
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20
Q

Rorschach Test

A
  • Use inkblots to show to clients to allow them to interpret what they see.
  • present one at a time
  • produced by Herman Rorschach (Swiss psychiatrist)
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21
Q

Thematic apperception test

A

A pictorial projective test. People are shown 30 cards with black and white pictures of individuals in vague situations and are asked to make up a dramatic story about each card.
They must tell:
- what is happening
- what led to it
- what the characters are feeling and thinking
- what the outcome of the situation will be
Created by H.A. Murray

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22
Q

Sentence-completion test

A

Client must finish a series of unfinished sentences such as “I wish…” or “ My father…”

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23
Q

Drawings

A

Client is asked to draw a picture or human figures and talk about them. The most popular is the Draw-a-Person test.

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24
Q

Draw a person test

A

The client must draw a picture of a person and then draw a picture of the opposite sex

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25
Q

House-tree-person drawing

A

Client is told to draw a picture of a house, a tree and a person and is used to identify personality traits

26
Q

What did H.A. Murray create?

A

Thematic Apperception Test

27
Q

Strengths of Projective Tests

A
  • largely relied on to gain supplementary information
28
Q

Weakness of Projective Tests

A
  • have rarely demonstrated reliability and validity
  • may be biased against minority’s groups
  • time consuming and costly
29
Q

Personality Inventories

A
  • An alternative way to collect information about individuals to ask them to assess themselves on their behavior, beliefs and feelings.
  • designed to measure broad personality characteristics
  • self report
30
Q

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory a.k.a MMPI (Most used)

A
  • 500 self statements: T/F or cannot say
  • describe physical concerns, mood, morale, attitude towards religion, sex, social activities, psychological symptoms
  • assess careless responding and lying
  • utilizes empirical keying
31
Q

What are the 10 clinical scales of the MMPI?

A
  • hypochondriasis
  • depression
  • hysteria
  • psychopathic deviate
  • Masculinity - Femininity
  • Paranoia
  • Psychasthenia
  • Schizophrenia
  • Hypokania
  • Social introversion
32
Q

What is the range of the T-score and what does it mean for the MMPI?

A
  • scale of 0 - 120

- above 70 the client is classified as deviant

33
Q

How do you detect lying on the MMPI?

A

Out of 15 questions, a majority would be answered as too high to live up to realistically in life
Example: 9/15 is considered lying 2(3)/15 is considered realistic

34
Q

Strengths of personality inventories

A
  • easier, cheaper and faster than projective tests
  • objectively scores and standardized
  • computerized interpretation
  • appear to have a higher validity than projective tests
35
Q

Weaknesses of personality inventories

A
  • cannot be considered highly valid
  • measured traits cannot be directly examined
  • fails to allow cultural differences
36
Q

Responsive inventories

A

clients are asked to provide detailed information about themselves much like the personality inventory
- based on self-report
- focus on one specific area of functioning
• affective inventories
• social skill inventories

37
Q

Strengths of response inventory

A
  • have strong face validity
  • quick
  • easy
38
Q

Weakness of Responsive inventory

A

Not all subjected to standardization, realizability or validity

39
Q

Psychophysiological Tests

A

Measure physiological response as an indication of psychological problems
- includes heart rate, BP, body temperature, galvanic skin response, muscle contractions (polygraph test)

40
Q

Weakness of psychophysiological tests

A
  • require expensive equipment that must be tuned

- can be inaccurate and unreliable

41
Q

Neurological tests

A

Directly assess brain function by assessing brain structure and activity (EEG)

42
Q

Neuropsychological test

A

Indirectly assess brain function by assessing cognitive, perceptual and motor function
(Bender visual - motor gestalt) (halstead-reitan)

43
Q

Halstead-Reitan

A
  • neuropsychological test

- used in rehab, and used to assess the progress of the patient during rehab

44
Q

Strengths of neurological and neurophysiological tests

A
  • can be very accurate
  • at best, screening devices
  • May be good when planning and evaluating rehab
45
Q

Intelligence tests

A
  • designed to indirectly measure intellectual ability
  • composed of series of test evaluating verbal and non verbal
  • general score is “intelligence quotiant”
46
Q

Intelligence Quotient

A
  • used to represent “mental age” and “chronological age”

- now it’s a deviation score (where it falls compared to others)

47
Q

Strengths of intelligence test

A
  • most carefully produced

- highly standardized

48
Q

Weakness of intelligence test

A
  • influence by non-intelligence factors
49
Q

Systematic observations of behavior types

A
  • naturalistic
  • analog (lab or artifical setting)
  • self-monitoring (can also change behavior)
50
Q

Weakness of Naturalistic and Analogue

A
  • reliability is a concern
  • validity is a concern
  • influence by theoretical orientation
51
Q

What does AMIST stand for?

A 
A - affect, attitude 
M - mood 
S - sensorium (orientation) 
I - intellect
T - thought process
52
Q

Painting a picture

A
  • inconsistency in information (look for most likely pattern)
  • the more the data points to the same conclusion, the higher the confidence
53
Q

DSM

A
  • diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
  • the “bible” for making psychiatric disorders in the U.S.
  • published by the American psychiatric association
54
Q

ICD

A
  • international criteria of diseases

- the standard criteria for psychiatric diseases in Europe

55
Q

DSM 5 categories

A
  • categorical information

- dimensional information

56
Q

Categorical information

A
  • DSM 5

- refers to name of diagnosis indicated by symptoms

57
Q

Dimensional information

A
  • DSM 5

- rating of how severe symptoms are and how dysfunctional the client is across dimensions of personality

58
Q

Effectiveness of treatment? How many types?

A
  • 400 type of treatment
  • it’s difficult to say if a treatment works, but if it’s a specific question for a specific therapy then it could be determined
59
Q

What does SOAP stand for?

A

S - subjective
O - objective
A - assessment
P - plan/treatment

60
Q

What percent of the average person is better off with therapy rather than going untreated?

A

75%

Abnormal Psychology (16 decks)

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