Chapter 11 - Eating Disorders

Question 1

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 1

• Convinced that they need to be extremely thin, and they lose so much weight they may starve themselves to death
• motivated by fear of getting obese, giving into their desires of food or losing control of their body shape and size
• preoccupied with food; spend large amounts of time researching about food and planning their limited meals
• Often dream about food and eating

Question 2

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 2

Go on frequent eating binges, during which they uncontrollably consume large quantities of food, and then force themselves to vomit or take extreme steps to keep from gaining weight (taking large amounts of laxatives, diuretics, enemas; fasting; excessive excising)

Question 3

Binge-eating disorder

Answer 3

• People frequently go on eating binges but do not force themselves to vomit or engage in other such behaviors. - Around half are typically obese

Question 4

Restricting Type Anorexia

Answer 4

First they tend to cut out sweets and fattening snacks; then, increasingly eliminate other foods. Eventually show no variation in their diet.

Question 5

How do people with Anorexia Nervosa think?

Answer 5

• Think in distorted ways
• Usually have a low opinion of their body shape, for example consider themselves unattractive
• Likely to overestimate their actual proportions (think they are larger than they actually are)

Question 6

What psychological problems do those with Anorexia Nervosa have?

Answer 6

• Depression
• Anxiety
• Low self-esteem
• insomnia or other sleep disturbances

Question 7

Amenorrhea

Answer 7

• The absence of a menstrual cycle

Question 8

About how many episodes will people with Bulimia Nervosa have a week?

Answer 8

1 to 30

Question 9

What characteristics do people with Bulimia Nervosa have?

Answer 9

• tend to want to please others, be attractive to others, and having intimate relationships
• tend to be more sexually experienced and active
• more likely to have a long history of mood swings become easily frustrated or bored, and have trouble coping effectively or controlling their impulses and strong emotions

Question 10

Multidimensional risk perspective

Answer 10

Identify’s several key factors that place a person at risk for these disorders. The more factors present, the more likely they are to have one of these disorders

Question 11

Disturbed mother-child interactions lead to

Answer 11

• ego deficiencies in the child

- severe perceptual disturbances that jointly help produce disordered eating

Question 12

Effective Parents

Answer 12

Accurately tend to their child’s biological and emotional needs

Question 13

Ineffective Parents

Answer 13

Fail to attend to their children’s needs

Question 14

Alexithymic

Answer 14

These people have great difficulty putting descriptive labels on their feelings

Question 15

Cognitive - Behavioral factors of eating disorders

Answer 15

Ineffective parenting leads people to improperly label their internal sensations and needs, generally feel little control over their lives and in turn want to have excessive levels of control over their body size, shape and eating habits

Question 16

Depression-related brain circuit

Answer 16

• Many people with eating disorders shows abnormalities that are similar to those of people with depression
• People with eating disorders can typically be helped with the use of antidepression medication

Question 17

Hypothalamus

Answer 17

A structure that regulates many body function

Question 18

Lateral Hypothalamus

Answer 18

Consisting of the side areas of the hypothalamus, produces hunger when it is activated

Question 19

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

Answer 19

Consisting of the bottom and middle of the hypothalamus, reduces hunger when it is activated

Question 20

Weight set point

Answer 20

• “weight thermostat”

- Responsible for keeping an individual a particular weight level

Question 21

Enmeshed family pattern

Answer 21

• often leads to eating disorders

- Family members are over involved in each others affairs and over concerned with the details of each others lives

Question 22

What males have the highest rate of eating disorders?

Answer 22

Jockeys, Wrestlers, distance runners, body builders and swimmers

Question 23

Muscular dysmorphia (reverse anorexia disorder)

Answer 23

When a male is very muscular, but still sees himself as scrawny and small and therefore still strive for the “perfect body”.
- often feel shame about their bodies

Question 24

Treatments for eating disorder

Answer 24

• correct the dangerous eating pattern as quickly as possible
• address the broader psychological and situational factors that have led to and maintain the eating problem

Question 25

Treatments for Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 25

• nutritional rehabilitation
• life threatening cases: use a force tube and feed them through intravenous feedings when they refuse to eat
• most popular: nursing care, nutritional counseling, and a relatively high-calorie intake

Question 26

Motivational Interviewing

Answer 26

an intervention that uses a mixture of empathy and inquiring review to help motivate clients to recognize they have a serious eating problem and commit to making constructive choices and behavior

Question 27

How do clinicians make lasting changes of Anorexia Nervosa?

Answer 27

Psychotropic drugs

Question 28

Cognitive behavioral therapy for anorexia nervosa

Answer 28

Help clients appreciate and alter the behaviors and thought processes that help keep their restrictive eating going.

• required to monitor their feelings, hunger levels, and food intake and the ties between these variables
• educate their clients on their eating disorder
• guide clients to identify, challenge and change maladaptive assumptions

Question 29

“core pathology”

Answer 29

The deep seated belief that they should in fact be judged by their shape and weight and by their ability to control these physical characteristics

Question 30

Family therapy and Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 30

• invaluable particularly for children and adolescents

- research strongly suggests that family therapy can be helpful in the treatment of this disorder

Question 31

Aftermath of Anorexia nervosa

Answer 31

• weight is often quickly restored once treatment for the disorder begins, and treatment gains may continue for years
• Most females menstruate again when their weight its regained and medical improvement
• 25% remain seriously troubled for years
• 1/3 have a recurrence usually triggered by new stress
• 1/2 continues to have psychological problems

Question 32

Treatment for Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 32

• Nutritional rehabilitation
• a combination of therapies aimed at eliminating the underlying causes
• cognitive- behavioral therapy and antidepressant drugs are more helpful with bulimia patients than anorexia

Question 33

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 33

• Exposure and response prevention to help break the binge-purge cycle
• Therapists require clients to eat particular kinds and amounts of food and then prevent them from vomiting to show that eating can be a harmless and even constructive activity
• recognize and change their maladaptive attitudes toward food, eating, weight and shape

Question 34

Interpersonal Psychotherapy

Answer 34

the treatment that is used to help improve interpersonal functioning

Question 35

Aftermath of bulimia nervosa

Answer 35

• left untreated it can last for years

- treatment provides immediate improvement

Question 36

Body Project

Answer 36

A program developed and expanded by psychologists Stice and Becker and their colleagues offers a total of four weekly group sessions for high school and college-age women