Chapter 11 - Eating Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A
  • Convinced that they need to be extremely thin, and they lose so much weight they may starve themselves to death
  • motivated by fear of getting obese, giving into their desires of food or losing control of their body shape and size
  • preoccupied with food; spend large amounts of time researching about food and planning their limited meals
  • Often dream about food and eating
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2
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

Go on frequent eating binges, during which they uncontrollably consume large quantities of food, and then force themselves to vomit or take extreme steps to keep from gaining weight (taking large amounts of laxatives, diuretics, enemas; fasting; excessive excising)

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3
Q

Binge-eating disorder

A
  • People frequently go on eating binges but do not force themselves to vomit or engage in other such behaviors. - Around half are typically obese
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4
Q

Restricting Type Anorexia

A

First they tend to cut out sweets and fattening snacks; then, increasingly eliminate other foods. Eventually show no variation in their diet.

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5
Q

How do people with Anorexia Nervosa think?

A
  • Think in distorted ways
  • Usually have a low opinion of their body shape, for example consider themselves unattractive
  • Likely to overestimate their actual proportions (think they are larger than they actually are)
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6
Q

What psychological problems do those with Anorexia Nervosa have?

A
  • Depression
  • Anxiety
  • Low self-esteem
  • insomnia or other sleep disturbances
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7
Q

Amenorrhea

A
  • The absence of a menstrual cycle
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8
Q

About how many episodes will people with Bulimia Nervosa have a week?

A

1 to 30

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9
Q

What characteristics do people with Bulimia Nervosa have?

A
  • tend to want to please others, be attractive to others, and having intimate relationships
  • tend to be more sexually experienced and active
  • more likely to have a long history of mood swings become easily frustrated or bored, and have trouble coping effectively or controlling their impulses and strong emotions
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10
Q

Multidimensional risk perspective

A

Identify’s several key factors that place a person at risk for these disorders. The more factors present, the more likely they are to have one of these disorders

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11
Q

Disturbed mother-child interactions lead to

A
  • ego deficiencies in the child

- severe perceptual disturbances that jointly help produce disordered eating

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12
Q

Effective Parents

A

Accurately tend to their child’s biological and emotional needs

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13
Q

Ineffective Parents

A

Fail to attend to their children’s needs

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14
Q

Alexithymic

A

These people have great difficulty putting descriptive labels on their feelings

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15
Q

Cognitive - Behavioral factors of eating disorders

A

Ineffective parenting leads people to improperly label their internal sensations and needs, generally feel little control over their lives and in turn want to have excessive levels of control over their body size, shape and eating habits

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16
Q

Depression-related brain circuit

A
  • Many people with eating disorders shows abnormalities that are similar to those of people with depression
  • People with eating disorders can typically be helped with the use of antidepression medication
17
Q

Hypothalamus

A

A structure that regulates many body function

18
Q

Lateral Hypothalamus

A

Consisting of the side areas of the hypothalamus, produces hunger when it is activated

19
Q

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

A

Consisting of the bottom and middle of the hypothalamus, reduces hunger when it is activated

20
Q

Weight set point

A
  • “weight thermostat”

- Responsible for keeping an individual a particular weight level

21
Q

Enmeshed family pattern

A
  • often leads to eating disorders

- Family members are over involved in each others affairs and over concerned with the details of each others lives

22
Q

What males have the highest rate of eating disorders?

A

Jockeys, Wrestlers, distance runners, body builders and swimmers

23
Q

Muscular dysmorphia (reverse anorexia disorder)

A

When a male is very muscular, but still sees himself as scrawny and small and therefore still strive for the “perfect body”.
- often feel shame about their bodies

24
Q

Treatments for eating disorder

A
  • correct the dangerous eating pattern as quickly as possible
  • address the broader psychological and situational factors that have led to and maintain the eating problem
25
Q

Treatments for Anorexia Nervosa

A
  • nutritional rehabilitation
  • life threatening cases: use a force tube and feed them through intravenous feedings when they refuse to eat
  • most popular: nursing care, nutritional counseling, and a relatively high-calorie intake
26
Q

Motivational Interviewing

A

an intervention that uses a mixture of empathy and inquiring review to help motivate clients to recognize they have a serious eating problem and commit to making constructive choices and behavior

27
Q

How do clinicians make lasting changes of Anorexia Nervosa?

A

Psychotropic drugs

28
Q

Cognitive behavioral therapy for anorexia nervosa

A

Help clients appreciate and alter the behaviors and thought processes that help keep their restrictive eating going.

  • required to monitor their feelings, hunger levels, and food intake and the ties between these variables
  • educate their clients on their eating disorder
  • guide clients to identify, challenge and change maladaptive assumptions
29
Q

“core pathology”

A

The deep seated belief that they should in fact be judged by their shape and weight and by their ability to control these physical characteristics

30
Q

Family therapy and Anorexia Nervosa

A
  • invaluable particularly for children and adolescents

- research strongly suggests that family therapy can be helpful in the treatment of this disorder

31
Q

Aftermath of Anorexia nervosa

A
  • weight is often quickly restored once treatment for the disorder begins, and treatment gains may continue for years
  • Most females menstruate again when their weight its regained and medical improvement
  • 25% remain seriously troubled for years
  • 1/3 have a recurrence usually triggered by new stress
  • 1/2 continues to have psychological problems
32
Q

Treatment for Bulimia Nervosa

A
  • Nutritional rehabilitation
  • a combination of therapies aimed at eliminating the underlying causes
  • cognitive- behavioral therapy and antidepressant drugs are more helpful with bulimia patients than anorexia
33
Q

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for Bulimia Nervosa

A
  • Exposure and response prevention to help break the binge-purge cycle
  • Therapists require clients to eat particular kinds and amounts of food and then prevent them from vomiting to show that eating can be a harmless and even constructive activity
  • recognize and change their maladaptive attitudes toward food, eating, weight and shape
34
Q

Interpersonal Psychotherapy

A

the treatment that is used to help improve interpersonal functioning

35
Q

Aftermath of bulimia nervosa

A
  • left untreated it can last for years

- treatment provides immediate improvement

36
Q

Body Project

A

A program developed and expanded by psychologists Stice and Becker and their colleagues offers a total of four weekly group sessions for high school and college-age women