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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 2 - The Value Of Research For Clinicians > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - The Value Of Research For Clinicians Flashcards

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1
Q

Carl Rogers

A

Opened door to psychotherapy research and demonstrated the necessity of research

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2
Q

Bias

A

An inclination of temperament or outlook; prejudice, bent; tendency

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3
Q

Designed research studies and what do they control

A

They control bias, examples are random assignment of subjects and double blind studies

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4
Q

Psychotherapy

A

Create 2 conditions:

  • the desired treatment to measure
  • the attention placebo
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5
Q

Non-clinical research and practicing clinicians

A

Useful to know what normal behavior/function looks like to compare to the disrupted behavior/function

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6
Q

Memory

A

Benefits of research on this allows someone to know the difference between normal and abnormal functions

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7
Q

Research and diagnosis

A
  • revisions in DSM require field testing on specific criteria associated with given disorder to make diagnosis and treatment more reliable
  • research in the reliability and validity of test instruments can improve diagnostic accuracy
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8
Q

Evidence based care

A
  • insurance demand that treatments used with specific disorders must show evidence of effectiveness through research
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9
Q

Does research ever change?

A

YES.

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10
Q

Do all psychologists do research?

A

NO! Only 10% of psychologists do research. It accounts for 90% of the research we see

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11
Q

Nomothetic Understanding

A

A general understanding of the nature, causes and treatments of abnormal functioning in the form of laws or principles

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12
Q

Scientific method

A

The process of systematically gathering and evaluating information, through careful observations, to understand a phenomenon

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13
Q

Hypothesis

A

A hunch or prediction that certain variables are related in certain ways

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14
Q

How are case studies helpful?

A
  • can be a source of new ideas about behavior
  • challenge a theories assumptions
  • May show the value of new therapeutic techniques
  • May offer opportunities to study unusual problems that do not occur enough to permit a large number of observations
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15
Q

Limitations of case studies

A
  • reporters by bias observers
  • provide little basis for generalization
  • rate low on external validity and internal validity
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16
Q

Case study

A

A detailed account of a person life and psychological problems

17
Q

Internal validity

A

The accuracy with which a study can pinpoint one factor as the cause of a phenomenon

18
Q

External validity

A

The degree to which the results of a study may be generalized beyond that study

19
Q

Correlation

A

The degree to which the events or characteristics vary along with each other

20
Q

Correlational method

A

A research procedure used to determine how much events or characteristics vary along with each other

21
Q

How do you describe correlations?

A
  • positive
  • negative
  • no correlation
22
Q

When can correlations be trusted?

A

If p is less than .05 it is said to be statistically significant

23
Q

Experiment

A

A research procedure in which a variable is manipulated and the effect of the manipulation on another variable is observed

24
Q

Independent variable

A

The variable is an experiment that is manipulated to determine whether it has an effect on another variable

25
Q

Dependent variable

A

The variable in an experiment expected to change as the independent variable is manipulated

26
Q

Confound

A

A variable other than the independent variable acting on the dependent variable

27
Q

Control group

A

A group of participants who are not exposed to the independent variable

28
Q

Experimental group

A

The participants who are exposed to the independent variable under investigation

29
Q

Random assignment

A

A selection procedure that ensures that participants are randomly placed either in the control group or the experimental group

30
Q

Masked design

A

An experiment in which participants do not know whether they are in experimental or the controls condition (blind design)

31
Q

Placebo theory

A

A pretend treatment that the participant in an experiment believes to be genuine

32
Q

Quasi-experimental design

A

A reader has design that fails to include the key elements of a “pure” experiment and intermixed elements of both experimental and correlational studies

33
Q

Matched design

A

A research design that matches the experimental participants with control participants who are similar on key characteristics

34
Q

Natural experiment

A

An experiment in which natureD rather than an experimented, manipulated an independent variable

35
Q

IRBs: institutional review boards

A

An ethics committee in research facility that is empowered to protect the rights and safety of human research participants

Abnormal Psychology (16 decks)

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