Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 12 - Substance Abuse and Addictive Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Substance Abuse and Addictive Disorders Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Substance Intoxication

A

Causes temporary changes in behavior, emotion, or thought

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Substance use disorders

A

patterns of maladaptive behaviors and reactions brought about by the repeated use of substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tolerance

A

need increasing doses of the substance to produce the desired effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Withdrawal

A

reactions consist of unpleasant and sometimes dangerous symptoms that occur when the person suddenly stops taking or cuts back on the substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Binge drinking episode

A

When someone consumes 5 or more drinks in one sitting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ethyl Alcohol

A

A chemical that is quickly absorbed into the blood through the lining of the stomach and the intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

GABA

A

Carries inhibitory messages to stop firing when it is received by a certain neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens at a .06 BAC

A

The person feels relaxed and comfortable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens at a .09 BAC

A

Drinker has crossed a line into intoxication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens at a .55 BAC

A

The drinker will most likely die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the average rate of metabolism of alcohol

A

25% of an ounce per hour on average, however, people “sober up” differently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens when someone goes through Alcohol Withdrawal?

A

Within hours their hands, tongue and eyelids begin to shake; they feel weak and nauseated, they sweat and vomit ; their heart beats rapidly; and their blood pressure rises. They become anxious, depressed unable to sleep or irritable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Delirium Tremens

A
  • Terrifying visual hallucinations that begin within three days after they stop or reduce their drinking.
  • May also have seizures, lose consciousness, suffer a stroke or die
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Liver becomes scarred and dysfunctional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

A
  • A disease marked by extreme confusion, memory loss, and other neurological symptoms
  • Cannot remember the past or learn new information and may make up for their memory losses by confabulating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Confabulating

A

Reciting made-up events to fill in the gap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A

A pattern of abnormalities that can include intellectual disability disorder, hyperactivity, head and face deformities, heart defects and slow growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sedative-hypnotic drugs (anxiolytic)

A

produce feelings of relaxation and drowsiness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Barbiturates

A

The most widely prescribed hypnotic drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Generally safer and less likely to lead to intoxication, tolerance effects and withdrawal reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sedative-hypnotic drug use disorder

A

a pattern marked by craving for the drugs, tolerance effects and withdrawal reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Opioids

A
  • Taken from the sap of opium poppy
  • heroin, morphine, codeine and similar synthetic drugs
  • cause nausea, constipation and pinpoint pupils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Opium

A

Been used for thousands of years and widely in the treatment of medical disorders because of its ability to reduce both physical and emotional pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Morphine

A
  • Named after greek god of sleep, Morpheus
  • Drug relieves pain even better than opium
  • a.k.a. “soldiers disease”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Heroin

A
  • viewed as a wonder drug and used as cough medicine

- pain reliever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Narcotics

A

Collective opioid driven drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the ways opioids are taken?

A
  • skin popping
  • mainlining
  • smoking
  • inhaling
  • snorting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Endorphins

A

Neurotransmitters that help relieve pain and reduce emotional tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Withdrawal of Opioids

A
  • anxiety
  • restlessness
  • sweating
  • rapid breathing
  • severe twitching
  • aches
  • fever
  • vomiting
  • diarrhea
  • loss of appetite
  • high blood pressure
  • weight loss up to 15 pounds
    Symptoms peak by third day and disappear by the 8th day
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Dangers of Opioids

A
  • overdose
  • respiratory center shuts down
  • paralyzing breathing
  • death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Simulants

A
  • Increase the activity of the CNS, resulting in increased blood pressure and heart rate, more alertness, and sped-up behavior and thinking
  • Cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine and nicotine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Cocaine

A
  • central active ingredient is from the coca plant

- most powerful natural stimulant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What does cocaine do to the body?

A
  • stimulates other centers of the CNS
  • a faster pulse, higher blood pressure, faster and deeper breathing and further arousal and wakefulness
  • Increases supplies of dopamine
34
Q

Cocaine Intoxication

A

Poor muscle coordination, grandiosity, bad judgment, anger, aggression, compulsive behavior, anxiety and confusion

35
Q

Cocaine Induced Psychosis

A

Hallucinations, delusions, or both

36
Q

What happens when cocaine subsides?

A
  • “crashing”
  • dizziness, headaches, fainting
  • In high doses, the above and stupor, deep sleep and coma
37
Q

Freebasing

A

a technique in which the pure cocaine basic alkaloid is chemically separated or “freed” from the processed cocaine, vaporized by heat from a flame and inhaled through a pipe

38
Q

Crack

A
  • a powerful form of freebase cocaine that has been boiled down into crystalline balls
  • it is smoked with a special pipe and makes a crackling sound as it is inhaled
39
Q

What are the dangers of cocaine

A
  • linked to many suicides
  • overdose is the greatest danger
  • a strong effect on the respiratory center of the brain depressing it to where it could almost stop
  • heart irregularities
  • brain seizures that bring breathing and heart beat to a stop
40
Q

Amphetamines

A

are stimulant drugs that are manufactured in the laboratory

- first discovered in 1930’s to help treat asthma f

41
Q

What do Amphetamines do to the body?

A
  • Increase energy and alertness
  • reduce appetite
  • produces a rush, intoxication and psychosis in high doses
  • an emotional letdown as they leave the body
  • stimulate the CNS by increasing dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin
42
Q

Methamphetamine

A
  • “crank”
  • stovetop laboratories
  • 6% of people over age 11 have an addiction
43
Q

Neurotoxicity

A

Damage to the nerve endings

44
Q

What happens when people stop taking meth?

A
  • depression
  • fatigue
  • sleep problems
  • anxiety
45
Q

Caffeine

A
  • most widely used stimulant
  • peak concentration is within an hour
  • release of dopamine, serotonin, norephinephrine
46
Q

Caffeine Intoxication

A
  • restlessness
  • nervousness
  • anxiety
  • stomach disturbances
  • twitching
  • faster heart rate
  • can cause grand mal seizures and respiratory failure in doses larger than 10 grams
47
Q

Caffeine withdrawals

A

Headaches, depression, anxiety and fatigue

48
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Substances that cause powerful changes in sensory perception, from strengthening a person’s normal perception to inducing illusions or hallucinations

49
Q

Trips

A
  • Hallucinations so out of the ordinary

- exciting or frightening depending on how the body reacts

50
Q

LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide)

A

most famous and most powerful hallucinogens was derived by Swiss chemist Albert Hoffman

51
Q

What does LSD do to the body?

A
  • Visual perceptions
  • Psychological changes and physical symptoms
  • Causes people to have illusions in which objects seem distorted and appear to move, breathe or change shape
  • hear sounds more clearly, feel tingling or numbness in the limbs and confuse sensations of hot and cold
  • induce strong emotions from joy to depression
52
Q

Cannabis

A
  • The most powerful is called Hashish

- mixture of buds, crushed leaves and flowers from the hemp plant

53
Q

THC

A
  • appears to be the one most responsible for its effects
54
Q

What does cannabis do to the body?

A
  • Hallucinogen
  • Depressant
  • stimulant
  • typically has feelings of joy and relaxation and may become either quiet or talkative
55
Q

Cannabis Use Disorder

A
  • Social and occupational or academic lives are affected
  • Cannot go a single day without smoking
  • Become restless and irritable with flulike symptoms when they stop smoking
56
Q

Problems with Cannabis

A
  • Fail to remember information
  • Memory and thinking problems
  • contribute to lung disease
  • reduces the ability to expel air from the longs more than tobacco does
  • lower sperm counts
  • anxious, suspicious or irritated if smoking in an unpleasant environment
  • causes people to panic or feel like they’re losing their minds
  • Interferes with complex sensorimotor tasks and with cognitive functioning
  • has caused many automobile accidents
57
Q

Combination of Substances

A
  • When you take more than one type of drug at a time

- AKA polysubstance use

58
Q

Cross-tolerance

A

can reduce the symptoms of withdrawal from one drug by taking another drug

59
Q

Synergistic Effect

A

Often greater than the sum of the effects of each drug taken alone: a small dose of one drug mixed with a small dose of another can produce an enormous change in the body’s chemistry

60
Q

Socioculture Theorists of Substance abuse

A
  • believe people are most likely to develop a substance use disorder when they live under stressful socioeconomic conditions
  • propose that people are more likely to develop substance use disorders if they are part of a family or social environment in which substance use is valued or accepted
61
Q

Psychodynamic View of Substance abuse

A
  • believe that people with substance use disorders have powerful dependency needs that can be traced to their earlier years
  • believe that certain people respond to their early deprivations by developing a substance abuse personality that leaves them particularly prone to drug abuse
62
Q

Cognitive - Behavioral view of substance abuse

A
  • operant conditioning may play a key role
  • argue that temporary reduction of tension or raising of spirits produced by a drug has a rewarding effect, thus increasing the likelihood that the user will use the drug again
  • Classical conditioning may also play a rol as it occurs when two stimuli that appear close together in time become connected in a person’s mind, so that eventually, the person responds similarly to each stimulus
63
Q

Biological Views of Substance Abuse

A

Believes people are genetically predisposed to become addicted to drugs

64
Q

Genetic Linkage

A

strategies and molecular biology techniques provide more direct evidence in support of a genetic explanation

65
Q

Neurotransmitters

A
  • Alcohol reduces GABA
  • Opioids reduce endorphins
  • Cocaine or amphetamines lower dopamine
66
Q

Reward Circuit

A

whenever a person ingests a substance, the substance eventually activates the brain’s reward circuit - key neurotransmitter is dopamine

67
Q

Incentive-Sensitization theory

A

neurons in the circuit fire more readily when stimulated by the substances, contributing to future desires for them

68
Q

Reward deficiancy syndrome

A

reward circuit is not readily activated by the usual events in their lives so they turn to drugs to stimulate this pleasure pathway, particularly in times of stress

69
Q

Psychodynamic Theorists treat Substance abuse by

A
  • guiding clients to uncover and work through the underlying needs and conflicts that they believe have led to the substance use disorder
  • then try to help the clients change their substance-related styles of living
70
Q

Cognitive-Behavioral Theorists treat substance abuse by

A
  • help clients to identify and change the behaviors and cognition that keep contributing to their patterns
71
Q

Aversion Therapy

A

a widely used approach based on the behavioral principles of classical conditioning clients are repeatedly presented with an unpleasant stimulus at the very moment they are taking the drug

72
Q

Contingency management

A

offers clients incentives that are contingent on the submission of drug-free urine specimens

73
Q

Relapse-prevention training

A

Taught to identify high-risk situations, appreciate the range of decisions that confront the in such situations, change their dysfunctional lifestyles and learn from mistakes and lapses

74
Q

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

A

Mindfulness-based approach to help clients become aware of their streams of thoughts as they are occurring and to accept such thoughts as mere events of the mind

75
Q

Detoxification

A

systematic and medically supervised withdrawal from a drug (biological)

76
Q

Antagonist Drugs

A
  • block or change the effects of the addictive drug

- disulfiriam - often given to people who are trying to stay away from alcohol. (biological)

77
Q

Drug Maintenance Therapy

A

People with an addiction are given the laboratory opioid methadone as a substitute, or agonist, for heroine (biological)

78
Q

Sociocultural therapies

A
  • Alcoholics Anonymous
  • residential treatment centers
  • community prevention programs
79
Q

Gambling Disorders

A
  • defined less by the amount of time or money spent gambling but the addictive behavior
  • Inherited by a genetic predisposition
  • experience heightened dopamine
  • have impulsive, novelty seeking and other personality types that leave them prone to gambling disorders
80
Q

Internet use disorder

A

spend all or most of their waking hours texting, tweeting, networking, gaming, internet browsing, e-mailing, blogging, visiting virtual worlds, shopping online or viewing pornography

Abnormal Psychology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions