Chronic vision loss Flashcards
what is the triad for glaucoma?
- elevated ICP
- optic nerve damage
- VF loss
what is the cup:disc ratio in glaucoma?
under 0.5
what is the pathology in open angle glaucoma?
clogging of trabecular network
which type of glaucoma is mostly asymptomatic?
open angle
- acute onset
- severe ocular pain
- mid dilated fixed pupil
- blurred vision
- haloes around lights
- headache
- nausea and/or vomiting
acute angle closure glaucoma
what are the precipitating factors in acute angle closure glaucoma?
- physical or emotional stress
- natural dilation of the pupil
- dilating drops
- sympathomimetic drugs
what is the initial treatment for acute glaucoma? what is the key agent?
- pilocarpine
- acetozolamide
- oral glycerine or isosorbide
- IV mannitol
when do you refer for glaucoma?
- C/D over 0.5
- C/D difference more than 0.2
- IOP over 21 mm Hg
is there an afferent defect with cataracts?
no - if there is, there is another problem (probably with the optic nerve)
who decides when a patient needs cataract surgery?
patient (interruption with ADLs)
what is the leading cause of blindness in people over 50?
macular degeneration
geographic atrophy and drusen-hyaline nodules in Bruch’s membrane are seen in what condition?
macular degeneration
what are the two types of age related macular degeneration?
- atrophic
- exudative
what are the early symptoms of AMRD?
- difficulty reading, driving
- straight lines may be crooked
what are the advanced symptoms of AMRD?
central blind spot
