Amblyopia and strabismus

Question 1

definition: amblyopia

Answer 1

• brain selects (favors) the aligned (fixated) or least blurred image and suppresses the blurred or conflicting image causing a “lazy eye”
• reduced VA in the absence of detectable organic disease
• abnormal visual development (suppression )

Question 2

bilateral amblyopia may mean _____________

Answer 2

effective blindness

Question 3

over 50% of amblyopic patients also have what condition?

Answer 3

strabismus

Question 4

is amblyopia more commonly unilateral or bilateral?

Answer 4

unilateral

Question 5

when should treatment for amblyopia begin?

Answer 5

before age 5

Question 6

what are the 3 etiologies of amblyopia?

Answer 6

• strabismic:
• refractive
• form deprivation: cataracts, corneal scarring, occlusion

Question 7

what are the different types of strabismus?

Answer 7

• tropia: manifest (can be intermittent)

- phoria: latent, fusion is interrupted

Question 8

strabismus testing

Answer 8

• general inspection for cardinal positions, epicanthus, facies
• corneal light reflex at 2 feet
• cover / uncover

Question 9

what does the cover / uncover test distinguish?

Answer 9

psueostrabismus vs true strabismus

Question 10

how is the pupillary reflex in newborns described?

Answer 10

sluggish

Question 11

what is the therapy for amblyopia?

Answer 11

• optimize retinal image

- intensify the neural image to visual cortex

Question 12

which eye is occluded in occlusion therapy for amblyopia?

Answer 12

good eye

Question 13

does occlusion therapy eliminate strabismus?

Answer 13

no

Question 14

what are the features for atropine penalization therapy?

Answer 14

• atropine one drop every morning in non amblyopic eye
• atropized eye cannot accommodate for near vision
• child can still use better seeing eye for distance
• child switches fixation at near to amblyopic eye