Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Flashcards
What does COPD stand for?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Also known as Chronic Airway Limitations.
What is a primary cause of COPD?
Smoking
Includes damage to elastase and cilia.
What are the two types of COPD?
- Pulmonary Emphysema
- Chronic Bronchitis
What is the main characteristic of Pulmonary Emphysema?
Air trapping of CO2 inside the alveoli
Leads to signs like chronic non-productive cough.
What is a sign of increased CO2 levels in Pulmonary Emphysema?
Hypercapnia
Also known as hyper carbia.
What condition results from chronic hypoxia in COPD?
Stimulus for breathing (hypoxic drive)
Low O2 levels trigger this response.
What physical change is associated with over distension of alveoli?
Barrel chest
What condition can develop secondary to chronic hypoxia?
Polycythemic vera
Kidney produces erythropoietin, increasing RBC count.
What appearance is commonly associated with individuals suffering from Pulmonary Emphysema?
Pink puffers
What is the primary symptom of Chronic Bronchitis?
Chronic productive cough
What causes increased mucus production in Chronic Bronchitis?
Damaged goblet cells
What is a consequence of mucus accumulation in Chronic Bronchitis?
Obstruction of airways
True or False: In COPD, chronic non-productive cough is associated with Chronic Bronchitis.
False
Chronic non-productive cough is associated with Pulmonary Emphysema.
Fill in the blank: The increase in CO2 levels in Chronic Bronchitis is due to _______.
Accumulation of mucus
What condition is characterized by retention of CO2?
Respiratory acidosis
What occurs when the O2 level is decreased?
Hypoxia
What is the term used for patients who exhibit cyanosis due to mucus obstruction?
Blue bloaters
What leads to pulmonary hypertension in patients?
Deoxygenated blood not entering the right ventricle
What condition can result from pulmonary hypertension?
Right-sided heart failure (RHF)
What are common symptoms associated with RHF?
Venous congestion, edema, ascites
What management strategy involves cessation of smoking?
Management of respiratory conditions
What is the recommended oxygen concentration for a patient with apnea?
33% via Venturi mask, then 45% via nasal cannula
What is pulmonary toileting?
Elimination of secretions
What is the dietary recommendation for patients?
Increase caloric intake, high protein, low carbohydrates, small frequent feeding
Name one medication used to control symptoms.
Bronchodilator
What type of medication is used to treat infections?
Antibiotic
What is a common complication associated with mucus secretion?
Sepsis
What should be avoided to prevent respiratory issues?
Extremes in temperature and crowded places
Fill in the blank: Vaccination against _______ and pneumonia is important for prevention.
Flu
What is a beneficial activity for patients?
Gardening
What type of agent is used as a mucolytic?
Expectorants
