Bronchial Asthma Flashcards
What type of disorder is bronchial asthma?
Chronic and inflammatory disorder
Bronchial asthma is characterized by ongoing inflammation in the airways.
What is a key characteristic of bronchial asthma?
Innate/inborn condition
This suggests that individuals may have a genetic predisposition to asthma.
What are common triggers for bronchial asthma?
Allergens
Allergens can include pollen, dust mites, mold, and pet dander.
What does bronchial asthma cause in the airways?
Obstruction
This obstruction can lead to difficulty breathing.
What is the cause of bronchial asthma?
Unknown
Despite extensive research, the exact cause remains unclear.
What are contributing factors to bronchial asthma?
Allergens (adaptation)
Adaptation refers to how individuals may develop sensitivities to certain allergens over time.
What are the three changes to the airway associated with bronchial asthma?
- Bronchoconstriction (narrowing)
- Airway inflammation
- Goblet cells producing mucus
These changes contribute to the symptoms and severity of asthma attacks.
What is bronchoconstriction in the context of bronchial asthma?
Narrowing of the airways
This narrowing can significantly restrict airflow.
What role do goblet cells play in airway inflammation related to asthma?
Produces mucus
Increased mucus production can contribute to airway obstruction.
What are the triggering factors for increased mucus production?
Extrinsic and Intrinsic factors
Extrinsic factors include environmental elements such as dust, pollens, and fomites. Intrinsic factors may include drugs, food, stress, and extreme temperature.
What are the signs of asthma?
Wheezes during expiration, Shortness of Breath (SOB), general tightness, Increased Heart Rate (HR), Hyperventilation
Hyperventilation can lead to respiratory alkalosis.
What are the early signs of hypoxia?
Altered Level of Consciousness (ALOC), Mental confusion, Irritability, Restlessness
These signs indicate the beginning stages of hypoxia.
What are the late signs of hypoxia?
Cyanosis, Clubbing of fingernails, Brittleness of hair
Late signs indicate a more severe state of hypoxia.
What is the recommended position for managing a patient with respiratory distress?
Semi-Fowler’s or High Fowler’s position (90 degrees, upright)
This position helps facilitate easier breathing.
What is the oxygen flow rate recommended for a patient in respiratory distress?
1-2 liters per minute (LPM)
This flow rate is often sufficient for patients requiring supplemental oxygen.
What should be done if the airway is closed during respiratory management?
Do not suction
Suctioning is only appropriate for open airways.
What is the first action to take when managing a patient with respiratory issues?
Call for assistance (call button, buzzer button)
Ensuring help is on the way is crucial for patient safety.
What is the primary medication for asthma management?
Bronchodilator
The drug of choice (DOC) often includes Beta 2 agonists like albuterol and salmeterol.
What is the role of Beta 2 agonists in asthma management?
Relaxes smooth muscles, dilating effect, opens the airway
These medications are critical in relieving bronchospasm.
What are examples of anticholinergic inhalation medications?
Ipratropium, Trotropium
These medications help decrease secretions and may increase heart rate.
What are methylxanthines used for in asthma management?
Aminophylline, Theophylline
These medications are used for their bronchodilating effects.
Fill in the blank: The combination of triggers for mucus production can be classified as _______.
Mixed type
This refers to a combination of both extrinsic and intrinsic factors.
True or False: A nurse should leave their patient to fetch medication if needed.
False
The nurse should not leave the patient alone and should request assistance.
What is the compensatory mechanism indicated by increased heart rate in respiratory distress?
Compensatory mechanism
An increased heart rate indicates the body’s attempt to maintain oxygen delivery.
What are the forms of steroids mentioned?
Tablet, Parenteral, Inhalation
Parenteral administration may lead to shortness of breath (SOB)
When should steroids be taken?
After meals
What should be done after using inhalation steroids?
Gargle after use to prevent oral thrush
What is the consequence of abruptly stopping steroid medication?
Addisonian crisis
What are leukotriene modifiers commonly referred to as?
‘kast’
Name a leukotriene modifier mentioned.
Montelukast
What is a side effect of Montelukast?
Drowsiness
What is the priority when taking Montelukast?
Safety
When is the best time to take Montelukast?
Before sleeping
What is a non-pharmacological approach for managing conditions related to steroids?
Avoidance of allergens
What is the best exercise for lung expansion?
Swimming and Spirometry
What is the best type of pet recommended?
Aquatic marine – goldfish
