Chronic Leukaemia

Question 1

Chronic Leukaemia

Answer 1

Question 2

Chronic Leukaemia

Chromosomal abnormalities

Answer 2

Examples of chromosomal abnormalities:

• Deletion
• Trisomy
• Trnslocation

Question 3

Chronic Leukaemia

Chromosomal abnormalities

chronic myeloid leukaemia/Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Answer 3

• Premature leukocytes accumulate in the bonw marrow, eventually spilling out into blood
• Healthy cells get crowded out - get cytopaenia, anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, leucopaenia
  *

Question 4

Chronic Leukaemia

Chromosomal abnormalities

chronic myeloid leukaemia

Answer 4

Portion of chrmosome 9 switches with chromosome 22 written as t(9;22)

Modified chromo 9 and 22

This eventually activates Tyrosine Kinase - on/off switch

Myeloid cell accumulate in liver and spleen causing hepatosplenomegaly

Question 5

Chronic Leukaemia

Chromosomal abnormalities

chronic myeloid leukaemia

Answer 5

With increased mutations can pregress to more serious acute leukaemia ie BLAST CRISIS

Often caused by trisomy of chromosome 8 thus doubling of PHILDELPHIA CHROMOSOME

Question 7

Chronic Leukaemia

Chromosomal abnormalities

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia

Answer 7

Symptoms of

CML/CLL

Question 8

Diagnosis of CML/CLL

Philidelphia chromosome present in CML and chromosomal defects in CLL

Answer 8

Treatment:

For CML:

Biological therapy with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor

For CLL:

TK inhibitor less effective for CLL

For both:

• Chemotherapy
• Stem cell transplants
• Bone marrow transplants

Question 9

Recap

Answer 9