Chronic Inflammation Flashcards
Characteristic cells in chronic inflammation
plasma cells and lymphocytes
CD4+ T-cell costimulatory signal
B7 on APC
CD28 on T-cells
Th1 CD4 T-cells secrete
what
function
Th1 secretes
IFN-γ
activates M1 macrophages, inhibits Th2
Th2 CD4 T-cells secrete
Th2 secretes
IL-4 and IL-5
IL-4: IgE class switching
IL-5: IgA class switching + eosinophil chemotaxis
CD4 cells secrete ________ to activate CD8 cells
IL-2
4 x 2 = 8
CD4 x IL-2 = CD8
Second activation signal for CD8 T-cells
IL-2 from CD4
4 x 2 = 8
CD4 x IL-2 = CD8
Alternative recognition pathway for CD8 cells
FasL recognizes Fas on cells that will die
Mechanism of CD8 killing
perforins and granzymes
perforins: poke holes
granzyes: activate caspaces
Activation of B-cells
primary stimulus
costimulus
1˚: CD4 T-cells on MHC-II
co: CD40
Which IL promote hypermutation and class-switching of B-cells
IL-4 and IL-5
IL-4
source
function
IL-4
from Th2 CD4 cells
class switching of B-cells to IgE
B-cell hypermutation
IL-5
source
function
IL-5
from Th2 CD4 cells
eosinophil recruitment and IgA class switching
B-cell hypermutation
Defining cell in granulomas
epithelioid histiocytes
Caseating vs non-caseating granulomas
caseating: necrotic
non-caseating: non-necrotic
Non-caseating granuloma etiologies
sarcoid cat scratch (stellate) foreign body beryllium Crohn
