Autoimmunity Basics Flashcards

1
Q

How do T-reg cells function to dampen immune response

A

CTLA4 on CD4+ Treg cells
binds B7 so CD28 cannot bind that
binds up costimulatory molecule to dampen immune response

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2
Q

How do T-cells directed against self in periphery undergo anergy

A

TCR binds MHC
but no costimulatory molecule (because no inflammation)
undergoes anergy

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3
Q

Positive vs negative selection of T-cells

A

positive: in cortex, needs to bind MHC I or II
negative: in medulla, cannot bind self on DC or MED

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4
Q

Where does T-cell negative selection occur

A

in medulla

ie toward the inside, b/c moves to center of node on the way out into circulation

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5
Q

AIRE mutation

A

leads to multiple endocrinopathies
*some antigens (endorine) depend on AIRE to be presented in node
*this is responsible for neg selection
*no neg selection = damage because not weeded out
parathyroid, adrenal, recurrent Candida infections

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6
Q

Why do women get autoimmune diseases more than men

A

estorgen reduces apoptosis of self-reactive lymphocytes

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7
Q

Why are autoimmune diseases very often relapsing-remitting

A

because antigen is always present

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8
Q

Epitope spreading

A

*reason many autoimmune diseases have overlapping Sx
autoimmune destruction leads to spilling of more self-antigens
Ab formed to there –> epitope spreading

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