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Principles Of Disease Year 1 > Chronic Inflammation > Flashcards

Chronic Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What is chronic inflammation?

A

Worsening of inflammation
Healing and repair alongside destruction

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2
Q

True or False
Acute inflammation involves similar cells as chronic inflammation.

A

False
Acute inflammation is mainly neutrophils but chronic cells includes a range from lymphocytes to basophils

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3
Q

True or False
Chronic inflammation can be a primary pathology

A

True
It can be the first thing that happens
I.e cab happen without acute inflammation

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4
Q

How does chronic inflammation come about?

A

From acute inflammation
As a primary lesion

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5
Q

How can acute inflammation ekad to chronic inflammation?

A

Accumulation of debris which can’t be removed by acute the body will try chronic to move it
Large amounts of tissue damage will trigger acute inflammation

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6
Q

How do hypoxic cells try and survive?

A

Endothelial cells grow towards low oxygen areas as hypoxic cella swctrete VEGF for angiongensis
Enzymes are also secreted to break down fibrin tissue in pyogenic membranes so blood vessels van grow through

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7
Q

Angiogenesis helps thrombosis.
True or false

A

True
Angiogensis limits thrombus propagation
Preventing embolism

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8
Q

Why does granulation tissue form?

A

There is inflammation after a cut happens
Granulation tissue lays down collagen which replaces inflammation exudate as a permanent substitute

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9
Q

Does granulation tissue contract?

A

Yes
To make the wound narrow

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10
Q

What is pyogenic granulation tissue?

A

Acute and chronic inflammation
Granulation and pus

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11
Q

How can primary chronic inflammation come about?

A

Autoimmune response

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12
Q

How does the autoimmune system cause primary chronic inflammation?

A

Auto antibodies targeting auto antigens
Try to destroy tissues, organs and cells
Body informatics as a protective mechanism

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13
Q

Where is scarring bad in the body and why?

A

Gut
Peristalsis is disturbed
The bowel might knot or be obstructed

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14
Q

How does auto immune illness of a certain organ change due to chronic inflammation ?

A

It develops a strip of fibrous tissue which has no functional value
Due to fibrosis

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15
Q

What causes primary chronic infection ?

A

Materials resistant to bacteria
Exogenous and endogenous substance
Granulomatous inflammation

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16
Q

What does material resistant to digestion mean? (As a cause of chronic inflammation)

A

Pathogens which are not digestible as their cells walls are resistant to enzymes in our stomach

17
Q

Joint replacements cause chronic inflammation.
True or False

A

True they do
As the joint wears away the dust settle sin the body and causes an inflammatory response

18
Q

Why is scarring in the lung dangerous?

A

They develop firbotic tissue which can’t expand as a response to breathing

19
Q

What immune cells are involved in chronic inflammation?

A

Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Macrophages
Fibroblasts

20
Q

What are the tissue components of chronic inflammation?

A

Collagen
Granulation tissue

21
Q

What do t cells produce ?

A

Cytokines
Interferon
Granule proteins (enzymes)
H202

22
Q

NK are les specific than t Cells.
True or False

A

True

23
Q

What are epitheloid cells?

A

Activated Macrophages

24
Q

What is granulomatous inflammation?

A

Presence of granulomas

25
Q

When do granulomas typically form?

A

Stimulated by indigestible antigens

26
Q

What are granulomas?

A

Small benign areas of chronic inflammation with lots of wbcs

27
Q

Granulomas are epitheliod?

A

Yups
They look like epithelial cells as they have a lot of cytoplasm
Very pale cells

28
Q

What are macrophages in granulomas called?

A

Epitheliod histioytes

29
Q

How do giant cells look?

A

Large cytoplasm with multiple nuclei
Like macrophages have combined

30
Q

What is an example of endogenous chronic inflammation?

A

Ingrown hair can create an abscess

31
Q

What happens if a breast implant leaks?

A

Silicone is taken up by lymphatics and ends up in lymph nodes
It is phagocytosed but can’t be digested
It permeates tissue very easily hence inflammation

32
Q

Stages of wound healing?

A

Injury
Acute inflammation
Clotting
Cytokines and growth factors released for angiogenesis
Granulation tissue forms
Phagocytosis of fibrin
Myofibroblasts lay down collagen (holds skin together)
Scarring
Contraction of scarring
Re epithelialisatipn

33
Q

What happens in larger injuries?

A

The clot forms
Granulation tissue grows into clot
Contracts to bring skin together

34
Q

Why is ther discolouration around healed wounds?

A

Iron and pigment left from the damage

35
Q

How do fractures heal?

A

Bone is mineralised so macrophages have osteoclasts to remove bits of old bone and granulation tissue has osteoblasts and fibroblasts

36
Q

What is haematoma and when does it occur?

A

Fractures
Blood leaks out vessels due to trauma

37
Q

Describe fracture callus.

A

Osteoblasts lay woven weak bone
Cartilage is deposited
Bone remodelling allows woven bone to be replaced by lamellar bone
Cortical and trabecular bone are reformed

Principles Of Disease Year 1 (16 decks)

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