Chpt 7 (Body and Mind) [Middle Childhood] Flashcards
(1)A Healthy Time, (2)Cognition, (3)Teaching & Learning, (4)Children with Distinct Educational Needs
Childhood Obesity
Concrete Operational Thought (Piaget)
Piaget’s term for the ability to reason logically about direct experiences and perceptions. He emphasized productive thinking
Classification: The logical principle that things can be organized into groups (or categories/classes) according to some characteristics they have in common.
Seriation: The concept that things can be arranged in a logical series, such as number sequence or the alphabet.
Vygotsky and Mentors
Vygotsky felt that educators should consider children’s thought processes, not just the products
Working Memory: Memory that is active at any given moment.
Knowledge Base: A body of knowledge in a particular area that makes it easier to master new information.
Bilingual Education
*English Language Learners (ELLs): Children in the US whose proficiency in English is low- usually below the cutoff score on an oral or written test.
*Immersion: A strategy in which instruction in all school subjects occurs in the second language that the child is learning.
*Bilingual Education: A strategy in which school subjects are taught in both the learner’s original language and the second language.
*English as a Second Language (ESL): A U.S. approach to teaching English that gathers all of the non-English speakers together and provides intense instruction in English. Students’ first languages are never used; the goal is to prepare them for regular classes in English.
Hidden Curriculum
The unofficial, unstated, or implicit patterns within a school that influences what children learn.
(For ex: teachers background, organization of play space, etc)
International Testing
*Trends in Math & Science Study (TIMSS): An international assessment of the math and science skills of 4-8th graders. Although very useful, the TIMSS test score results are not always comparable.
*Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS): Tests reading ability of 4th graders.
*Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA): Designed to measure problem solving and cognition in daily life; taken by 15-50 year olds.
National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)
A current and nationally representative measure of U.S. children’s achievement in math, reading, and other subjects over time. Nicknamed “the Nations Report Card”
Types of Schooling
Charter
Private
Private religious
Public
Homeschooling
Children with Distinct Educational Needs
Comorbid: Refers to the presence of two or more unrelated disease conditions at the same time in the same person.
Neurodiversity: The idea that each person has neurological strengths and weaknesses that should be appreciated. Particularly relevant for children on the autism spectrum.
Disorders that Affect Learning
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A condition characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or by hyperactive or impulsive, interfering with a persons functioning/development.
Specific Learning Disorder: A marked deficit in a particular area of learning that isn’t caused by an apparent physical or intellectual disability or by usual stress at home.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A developmental disorder marked by difficulty with social communication and interaction, repetitive or restricted patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.
Specific Learning Disorders
Dyslexia: Unusual difficulty with reading; thought to be a result of some neurological underdevelopment.
Dyscalculia: Unusual difficulty with math, probably originating from a distinct part of the brain.
Special Education
*Least Restrictive Environment (LRE): A legal requirement that children with special needs be assigned to the most general educational context in which they can be expected to learn.
*Response to Intervention (RTI): An educational strategy intended to help children who demonstrate below-average achievement in early grades, using special intervention.
*Individual Education Plan (IEP): A document that specifies educational goals and plans for a child with special needs.
