Chpt 4 (The Social World) [Infant] Flashcards
Emotional Development, the development of social bonds, theories of infant psychosocial development, and who should care for babies?
Attachment
According to Ainsworth, “an affectional tie” that an infant forms with a caregiver- a tie that binds them together in space and endures over time.
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
Erikson’s second crisis of psychosocial development. Toddlers either succed or fail in gaining a sense of self-rule over their actions and their bodies.
Disorganized attachment
A type of attachment that is marked by an infant’s inconsistent reactions to the caregiver’s departure and return.
Insecure resistant/ambivalent attachment
A pattern of attachment in which an infant’s anxiety and uncertainty are evident, as when the infant becomes very upset at separation from the caregiver and both resists and seeks contact on reunion.
Insecure-avoidant attachment
A pattern of attachment in which an infant avoids connection with the caregiver, as when the infant seems not to care about the caregiver’s presence, departure, or return.
Secure Attachment
A relationship in which an infant obtains both comfort and confidence from the presence of their caregiver.
Self-awareness
A person’s realization that he or she is a distinct individual whose body, mind, and actions are separate from those of other people.
Separation Anxiety
An infant’s distress when a familiar caregiver leaves; most obvious between 9-14 months.
Social Referencing
Seeking information about how to react to unfamiliar or ambiguous object or event by observing someone else’s expressions and reactions. That other person becomes a social reference.
Social Smile
A smile evoked by a human face, normally first evident in infants 6 weeks after birth.
Strange Situation
A lab procedure for measuring attachment by evoking infants’ reactions to stress of various adults’ comings and goings in an unfamiliar playroom.
Stranger Wariness
An infant’s expression of concern-a quiet stare while clinging to a familiar person, or a look of fear- when a stranger appears.
Synchrony
A coordinated, rapid, and smooth exchange of responses between a caregiver and an infant.
Temperament
Inborn differences between one person and another in emotions, activity, and self-regulation. It is measured by the person’s typical responses to the environment.
Trust vs Mistrust
Erikson’s first crisis of psychosocial development. Infants learn basic trust if the world is a secure place where their basic needs (for food, comfort, attention, and so on) are met.
