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NASM > CHPT 6 - Cardiovascular/Cardiorespiratory Systems > Flashcards

CHPT 6 - Cardiovascular/Cardiorespiratory Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

The cardiovascular system is comprised of?

A

The heart, blood, blood vessels, and lungs.

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2
Q

The respiratory system is comprised of?

A

Respiratory airways, lungs, and respiratory muscles.

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3
Q

The heart is contained in….

A

An area referred to as the mediastinum.

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4
Q

How many beats per minute does a normal heart range from?

A

A normal heart rate ranges from 60-100 beats per min.

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5
Q

What are the two chambers on each side of the heart?

A

Atrium and a ventricle.

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6
Q

When does the body increase the heart rate?

A

When responding to exercise.

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7
Q

When does the body decrease the heart rate?

A

During sleep.

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8
Q

When does the body decrease the heart rate?

A

During sleep.

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9
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

A

Located in the right atrium, this node initiates an electrical signal that causes the heart to beat.

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10
Q

Ventricle

A

Inferior chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs and body.

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11
Q

Right Atrium

A

Receives deoxygenated blood returning from the body and sends it to the right ventricle

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12
Q

Right Ventricle

A

Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and sends it to the lungs.

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13
Q

Left Atrium

A

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and sends it to the left ventricle.

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14
Q

Left Ventricle

A

Receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and sends it to the body.

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15
Q

Resting Heart Rate

A

For most of the population are between 60-100 beats per minute

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16
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) Node

A

Located between the atria and ventricles, this node delays the impulse from the sinoatrial node before allowing it to pass to the ventricles.

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17
Q

Stroke Volume

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction.

18
Q

End-Diastolic Volume

A

The filled volume of the ventricle before contraction.

19
Q

End-Systolic Volume

A

The volume of blood remaining in the ventricle after ejection.

20
Q

Bradycardia

A

When the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute.

21
Q

Tachycardia

A

When the heart rate is greater than 100 beats per minute.

22
Q

Cardiac Output

A

The overall performance of the heart (heart rate × stroke volume).

23
Q

Arteries

A

Vessels that transport blood away from the heart.

24
Q

Capillaries

A

The smallest blood vessels and the site of exchange of elements between the blood and the tissues.

25
Q

Veins

A

Vessels that transport blood back to the heart.

26
Q

Arterioles

A

Small arteries that eventually divide into capillaries

27
Q

Venules

A

Small veins that allows blood to drain from capillaries into the larger veins.

28
Q

Venous Pooling

A

The accumulation of blood into the extremities due to slow blood flow though the veins (venous return) or backflow.

29
Q

Normal (Stage of Hypertension)

A

Systolic <120 and diastolic <80

30
Q

Elevated (Stage of Hypertension)

A

Systolic 120–129 and diastolic <80

31
Q

Stage 1 (Stage of Hypertension)

A

Systolic 130–139 or diastolic 80–89

32
Q

Stage 2 (Stage of Hypertension)

A

Systolic ≥140 or diastolic ≥90

33
Q

Hypertensive crisis (Stage of Hypertension)

A

Systolic >180 and/or diastolic >120

34
Q

Bones (Structures of Respiratory Pump)

A

Sternum (breastbone), Ribs, Vertebrae (spine)

35
Q

Inspiration Muscles (Structures of Respiratory Pump)

A

Diaphragm, External intercostals (muscles between individual ribs), Scalenes (side of neck muscles), Sternocleidomastoid (front of neck muscle), Pectoralis minor (smaller chest muscle)

36
Q

Expiration Muscles (Structures of Respiratory Pump)

A

Internal intercostals (muscles between individual ribs), Abdominals

37
Q

Valsalva Maneuver

A

A process that involves expiring against a closed windpipe, creating additional intra-abdominal pressure and spinal stability.

38
Q

Conducting Airways (Structures of Respiratory Passages)

A

Nasal cavity, Oral cavity ,Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea
Right and left pulmonary bronchi, Bronchioles

39
Q

Respiratory Airways (Structures of Respiratory Passages)

A

Alveoli, Alveolar sacs

40
Q

Tachypnea

A

Respiratory rate that is too fast; greater than 24 breaths per minute.

41
Q

Bradypnea

A

Respiratory rate that is too slow; fewer than 8 breaths per minute.

42
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath or labored breathing.

NASM (11 decks)

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