CHPT 6 - Cardiovascular/Cardiorespiratory Systems

Question 1

The cardiovascular system is comprised of?

Answer 1

The heart, blood, blood vessels, and lungs.

Question 2

The respiratory system is comprised of?

Answer 2

Respiratory airways, lungs, and respiratory muscles.

Question 3

The heart is contained in….

Answer 3

An area referred to as the mediastinum.

Question 4

How many beats per minute does a normal heart range from?

Answer 4

A normal heart rate ranges from 60-100 beats per min.

Question 5

What are the two chambers on each side of the heart?

Answer 5

Atrium and a ventricle.

Question 6

When does the body increase the heart rate?

Answer 6

When responding to exercise.

Question 7

When does the body decrease the heart rate?

Answer 7

During sleep.

Question 8

When does the body decrease the heart rate?

Answer 8

During sleep.

Question 9

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Answer 9

Located in the right atrium, this node initiates an electrical signal that causes the heart to beat.

Question 10

Ventricle

Answer 10

Inferior chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs and body.

Question 11

Right Atrium

Answer 11

Receives deoxygenated blood returning from the body and sends it to the right ventricle

Question 12

Right Ventricle

Answer 12

Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and sends it to the lungs.

Question 13

Left Atrium

Answer 13

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and sends it to the left ventricle.

Question 14

Left Ventricle

Answer 14

Receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and sends it to the body.

Question 15

Resting Heart Rate

Answer 15

For most of the population are between 60-100 beats per minute

Question 16

Atrioventricular (AV) Node

Answer 16

Located between the atria and ventricles, this node delays the impulse from the sinoatrial node before allowing it to pass to the ventricles.

Question 17

Stroke Volume

Answer 17

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction.

Question 18

End-Diastolic Volume

Answer 18

The filled volume of the ventricle before contraction.

Question 19

End-Systolic Volume

Answer 19

The volume of blood remaining in the ventricle after ejection.

Question 20

Bradycardia

Answer 20

When the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute.

Question 21

Tachycardia

Answer 21

When the heart rate is greater than 100 beats per minute.

Question 22

Cardiac Output

Answer 22

The overall performance of the heart (heart rate × stroke volume).

Question 23

Arteries

Answer 23

Vessels that transport blood away from the heart.

Question 24

Capillaries

Answer 24

The smallest blood vessels and the site of exchange of elements between the blood and the tissues.

Question 25

Veins

Answer 25

Vessels that transport blood back to the heart.

Question 26

Arterioles

Answer 26

Small arteries that eventually divide into capillaries

Question 27

Venules

Answer 27

Small veins that allows blood to drain from capillaries into the larger veins.

Question 28

Venous Pooling

Answer 28

The accumulation of blood into the extremities due to slow blood flow though the veins (venous return) or backflow.

Question 29

Normal (Stage of Hypertension)

Answer 29

Systolic <120 and diastolic <80

Question 30

Elevated (Stage of Hypertension)

Answer 30

Systolic 120–129 and diastolic <80

Question 31

Stage 1 (Stage of Hypertension)

Answer 31

Systolic 130–139 or diastolic 80–89

Question 32

Stage 2 (Stage of Hypertension)

Answer 32

Systolic ≥140 or diastolic ≥90

Question 33

Hypertensive crisis (Stage of Hypertension)

Answer 33

Systolic >180 and/or diastolic >120

Question 34

Bones (Structures of Respiratory Pump)

Answer 34

Sternum (breastbone), Ribs, Vertebrae (spine)

Question 35

Inspiration Muscles (Structures of Respiratory Pump)

Answer 35

Diaphragm, External intercostals (muscles between individual ribs), Scalenes (side of neck muscles), Sternocleidomastoid (front of neck muscle), Pectoralis minor (smaller chest muscle)

Question 36

Expiration Muscles (Structures of Respiratory Pump)

Answer 36

Internal intercostals (muscles between individual ribs), Abdominals

Question 37

Valsalva Maneuver

Answer 37

A process that involves expiring against a closed windpipe, creating additional intra-abdominal pressure and spinal stability.

Question 38

Conducting Airways (Structures of Respiratory Passages)

Answer 38

Nasal cavity, Oral cavity ,Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea Right and left pulmonary bronchi, Bronchioles

Question 39

Respiratory Airways (Structures of Respiratory Passages)

Answer 39

Alveoli, Alveolar sacs

Question 40

Tachypnea

Answer 40

Respiratory rate that is too fast; greater than 24 breaths per minute.

Question 41

Bradypnea

Answer 41

Respiratory rate that is too slow; fewer than 8 breaths per minute.

Question 42

Dyspnea

Answer 42

Shortness of breath or labored breathing.