CHPT 6 - Cardiovascular/Cardiorespiratory Systems Flashcards
The cardiovascular system is comprised of?
The heart, blood, blood vessels, and lungs.
The respiratory system is comprised of?
Respiratory airways, lungs, and respiratory muscles.
The heart is contained in….
An area referred to as the mediastinum.
How many beats per minute does a normal heart range from?
A normal heart rate ranges from 60-100 beats per min.
What are the two chambers on each side of the heart?
Atrium and a ventricle.
When does the body increase the heart rate?
When responding to exercise.
When does the body decrease the heart rate?
During sleep.
When does the body decrease the heart rate?
During sleep.
Sinoatrial (SA) Node
Located in the right atrium, this node initiates an electrical signal that causes the heart to beat.
Ventricle
Inferior chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs and body.
Right Atrium
Receives deoxygenated blood returning from the body and sends it to the right ventricle
Right Ventricle
Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and sends it to the lungs.
Left Atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and sends it to the left ventricle.
Left Ventricle
Receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and sends it to the body.
Resting Heart Rate
For most of the population are between 60-100 beats per minute
Atrioventricular (AV) Node
Located between the atria and ventricles, this node delays the impulse from the sinoatrial node before allowing it to pass to the ventricles.
Stroke Volume
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction.
End-Diastolic Volume
The filled volume of the ventricle before contraction.
End-Systolic Volume
The volume of blood remaining in the ventricle after ejection.
Bradycardia
When the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute.
Tachycardia
When the heart rate is greater than 100 beats per minute.
Cardiac Output
The overall performance of the heart (heart rate × stroke volume).
Arteries
Vessels that transport blood away from the heart.
Capillaries
The smallest blood vessels and the site of exchange of elements between the blood and the tissues.
Veins
Vessels that transport blood back to the heart.
Arterioles
Small arteries that eventually divide into capillaries
Venules
Small veins that allows blood to drain from capillaries into the larger veins.
Venous Pooling
The accumulation of blood into the extremities due to slow blood flow though the veins (venous return) or backflow.
Normal (Stage of Hypertension)
Systolic <120 and diastolic <80
Elevated (Stage of Hypertension)
Systolic 120–129 and diastolic <80
Stage 1 (Stage of Hypertension)
Systolic 130–139 or diastolic 80–89
Stage 2 (Stage of Hypertension)
Systolic ≥140 or diastolic ≥90
Hypertensive crisis (Stage of Hypertension)
Systolic >180 and/or diastolic >120
Bones (Structures of Respiratory Pump)
Sternum (breastbone), Ribs, Vertebrae (spine)
Inspiration Muscles (Structures of Respiratory Pump)
Diaphragm, External intercostals (muscles between individual ribs), Scalenes (side of neck muscles), Sternocleidomastoid (front of neck muscle), Pectoralis minor (smaller chest muscle)
Expiration Muscles (Structures of Respiratory Pump)
Internal intercostals (muscles between individual ribs), Abdominals
Valsalva Maneuver
A process that involves expiring against a closed windpipe, creating additional intra-abdominal pressure and spinal stability.
Conducting Airways (Structures of Respiratory Passages)
Nasal cavity, Oral cavity ,Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea
Right and left pulmonary bronchi, Bronchioles
Respiratory Airways (Structures of Respiratory Passages)
Alveoli, Alveolar sacs
Tachypnea
Respiratory rate that is too fast; greater than 24 breaths per minute.
Bradypnea
Respiratory rate that is too slow; fewer than 8 breaths per minute.
Dyspnea
Shortness of breath or labored breathing.
