CHPT 5 - Skeletal System Flashcards
The skeletal system provides:
Support for the body and protects the internal organs.
What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?
Axial and appendicular.
What are the 5 categories of bones?
Long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid.
What are the 5 regions of the vertebral column?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and
coccyx.
How are joints categorized?
By shape, structure, and function.
What are the 6 synovial joints classifications:
Gliding (plane), condyloid, hinge, saddle, pivot,
and ball-and-socket joints.
Skeletal System
A description of the bones of the body. In the human skeletal system, there are
206 bones of which approximately 177 are used in voluntary movement.
Axial Skeleton
A division of the skeletal system consisting of the skull, the rib cage, and the
vertebral column. There are approximately 80 bones in the axial skeleton.
Appendicular Skeleton
A division of the skeletal system consisting of the arms, legs, and pelvic girdle.
The appendicular skeleton encompasses approximately 126 bones.
Remodeling
The process by which bone is constantly renewed by the resorption and formation of the bone structure.
Osteoclasts
Special cells that break down and remove old bone tissue.
Osteblasts
Special cells that form and lay down new bone tissue.
Long Bones
Long, cylindrical shaft with irregular or widened ends. (ex: Humerus i.e., the upper arm bone, Femur i.e., the thigh bone)
Short Bones
Similar in length and width and appear somewhat cubical in shape. (ex: Carpals of the wrist, Tarsals of the ankle)
Flat Bones
Thin, protective surfaces that provide broad surfaces for muscles to attach (ex: Scapulae i.e., the shoulder blades), Sternum i.e., the breast plate), Ribs
Irregular Bones
Unique shape and function from all other bone types (ex: Vertebrae (i.e., the spinal
column)
Sesamoid Bones
Small, often round bones embedded in a joint capsule or found in locations where a tendon passes over a joint (ex: Patella i.e., the kneecap)
Depressions
Flattened or indented portions of bone.
Processes
Projections protruding from the bone where tendons and ligaments can attach.
Cervical spine (C1–C7)
- First seven vertebrae starting at the top of the spinal
column - Form a flexible framework and provide support and motion
for the head
Thoracic spine (T1–T12)
- Twelve vertebrae located in the upper and middle back
behind the ribs - Each vertebra articulates with a rib helping form the rear
anchor of the rib cage - Larger than cervical
Lumbar spine (L1–L5)
- Five vertebrae of the low-back below the thoracic spine
- Largest segments in the spinal column
- Support most of the body’s weight and are attached to
many back muscles
Sacrum
- Triangular bone located below the lumbar spine
- Composed of five vertebrae that fuse together as the body
develops into adulthood
Coccyx
- Located below the sacrum, more commonly known as the tailbone
- Composed of three to five small fused bones
Osteokinematics
Movement of a limb that is visible.
Arthrokinematics
The description of joint surface movement; consists of three major types: roll, slide, and spin.
Synovial Joints
A joint with a fluid-filled joint capsule.
Nonaxial
A gliding joint that moves in only one plane, either back and forth or side to side.
Nonsynovial Joints
Joints that have no joint capsule, fibrous connective tissue, or cartilage in the uniting structure.