CHPT 5 - Skeletal System

Question 1

The skeletal system provides:

Answer 1

Support for the body and protects the internal organs.

Question 2

What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?

Answer 2

Axial and appendicular.

Question 3

What are the 5 categories of bones?

Answer 3

Long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid.

Question 4

What are the 5 regions of the vertebral column?

Answer 4

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and
coccyx.

Question 5

How are joints categorized?

Answer 5

By shape, structure, and function.

Question 6

What are the 6 synovial joints classifications:

Answer 6

Gliding (plane), condyloid, hinge, saddle, pivot,
and ball-and-socket joints.

Question 7

Skeletal System

Answer 7

A description of the bones of the body. In the human skeletal system, there are
206 bones of which approximately 177 are used in voluntary movement.

Question 8

Axial Skeleton

Answer 8

A division of the skeletal system consisting of the skull, the rib cage, and the
vertebral column. There are approximately 80 bones in the axial skeleton.

Question 9

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 9

A division of the skeletal system consisting of the arms, legs, and pelvic girdle.
The appendicular skeleton encompasses approximately 126 bones.

Question 10

Remodeling

Answer 10

The process by which bone is constantly renewed by the resorption and formation of the bone structure.

Question 11

Osteoclasts

Answer 11

Special cells that break down and remove old bone tissue.

Question 12

Osteblasts

Answer 12

Special cells that form and lay down new bone tissue.

Question 13

Long Bones

Answer 13

Long, cylindrical shaft with irregular or widened ends. (ex: Humerus i.e., the upper arm bone, Femur i.e., the thigh bone)

Question 14

Short Bones

Answer 14

Similar in length and width and appear somewhat cubical in shape. (ex: Carpals of the wrist, Tarsals of the ankle)

Question 15

Flat Bones

Answer 15

Thin, protective surfaces that provide broad surfaces for muscles to attach (ex: Scapulae i.e., the shoulder blades), Sternum i.e., the breast plate), Ribs

Question 16

Irregular Bones

Answer 16

Unique shape and function from all other bone types (ex: Vertebrae (i.e., the spinal
column)

Question 17

Sesamoid Bones

Answer 17

Small, often round bones embedded in a joint capsule or found in locations where a tendon passes over a joint (ex: Patella i.e., the kneecap)

Question 18

Depressions

Answer 18

Flattened or indented portions of bone.

Question 19

Processes

Answer 19

Projections protruding from the bone where tendons and ligaments can attach.

Question 20

Cervical spine (C1–C7)

Answer 20

• First seven vertebrae starting at the top of the spinal
  column
• Form a flexible framework and provide support and motion
  for the head

Question 21

Thoracic spine (T1–T12)

Answer 21

• Twelve vertebrae located in the upper and middle back
  behind the ribs
• Each vertebra articulates with a rib helping form the rear
  anchor of the rib cage
• Larger than cervical

Question 22

Lumbar spine (L1–L5)

Answer 22

• Five vertebrae of the low-back below the thoracic spine
• Largest segments in the spinal column
• Support most of the body’s weight and are attached to
  many back muscles

Question 23

Sacrum

Answer 23

• Triangular bone located below the lumbar spine
• Composed of five vertebrae that fuse together as the body
  develops into adulthood

Question 24

Coccyx

Answer 24

• Located below the sacrum, more commonly known as the tailbone
• Composed of three to five small fused bones

Question 25

Osteokinematics

Answer 25

Movement of a limb that is visible.

Question 26

Arthrokinematics

Answer 26

The description of joint surface movement; consists of three major types: roll, slide, and spin.

Question 27

Synovial Joints

Answer 27

A joint with a fluid-filled joint capsule.

Question 28

Nonaxial

Answer 28

A gliding joint that moves in only one plane, either back and forth or side to side.

Question 29

Nonsynovial Joints

Answer 29

Joints that have no joint capsule, fibrous connective tissue, or cartilage in the uniting structure.