CHPT 5 - Nervous System Flashcards
Human movement system (HMS)
The collective components and structures that work together to move the body: muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems.
Kinetic chain
A concept that describes the human body as a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement; refers to how muscles, bones and joints, and nerves are linked together(forming a chain) to create movement (kinetic).
Nervous system
A network of specialized cells called neurons that transmit and coordinate signals, providing a communication network within the human body; provides sensory information (e.g., pain,sight, taste) to our brain, stimulating human movement through muscle contractions, and keeping the heart and organs functioning.
What are the 3 systems of the human movement system?
Nervous, Muscular, Skeletal
Neuron
Specialized cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system.
What does the nervous system provides?
Sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) information.
Muscle Spindles (mechanoreceptors)
Sensory receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the
rate of that change.
Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) (mechanoreceptors)
A specialized sensory receptor located at the point where skeletal
muscle fibers insert into the tendons of skeletal muscle; sensitive to
changes in muscular tension and rate of tension change.
Motor skill development often occurs in what three stages?
Cognitive, associative, autonomous
Three components of a
neuron:
Cell body, axon, and dendrites.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
A division of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Nerves that connect the rest of the body to the central nervous system.
Afferent pathway
Sensory pathway that relays information to the central nervous system.
Efferent pathway
A motor pathway that relays information from the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
What electrolytes does the nervous system require for proper function?
Sodium, potassium, magnesium, and water.
Two subdivisions of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):
Somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
Mechanoreceptors
Specialized structures that respond to mechanical forces (touch and
pressure) within tissues and then transmit signals through sensory
nerves.
Somatic Nervous System
Nerves that serve the outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle and
are largely responsible for the voluntary control of movement.
Autonomic Nervous System
A division of the peripheral nervous system that supplies neural input to organs that run the involuntary processes of the body (e.g., circulating blood, digesting food, producing hormones).
Sympathetic Nervous System
Subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that works to increase
neural activity and put the body in a heightened state.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that works to decrease
neural activity and put the body in a more relaxed state.
Proprioception
The body’s ability to naturally sense its general orientation and relative position of its parts.
Cognitive Stage
You may need to use simple instructions and break down the skill into smaller steps so your clients will be able to understand the goals of the movement.
Associative Stage
You may need to help refine your clients’ skills through practice and regular feedback.
