CHPT 5 - Nervous System

Question 1

Human movement system (HMS)

Answer 1

The collective components and structures that work together to move the body: muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems.

Question 2

Kinetic chain

Answer 2

A concept that describes the human body as a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement; refers to how muscles, bones and joints, and nerves are linked together(forming a chain) to create movement (kinetic).

Question 3

Nervous system

Answer 3

A network of specialized cells called neurons that transmit and coordinate signals, providing a communication network within the human body; provides sensory information (e.g., pain,sight, taste) to our brain, stimulating human movement through muscle contractions, and keeping the heart and organs functioning.

Question 4

What are the 3 systems of the human movement system?

Answer 4

Nervous, Muscular, Skeletal

Question 5

Neuron

Answer 5

Specialized cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system.

Question 6

What does the nervous system provides?

Answer 6

Sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) information.

Question 7

Muscle Spindles (mechanoreceptors)

Answer 7

Sensory receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the
rate of that change.

Question 8

Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) (mechanoreceptors)

Answer 8

A specialized sensory receptor located at the point where skeletal
muscle fibers insert into the tendons of skeletal muscle; sensitive to
changes in muscular tension and rate of tension change.

Question 9

Motor skill development often occurs in what three stages?

Answer 9

Cognitive, associative, autonomous

Question 10

Three components of a
neuron:

Answer 10

Cell body, axon, and dendrites.

Question 11

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 11

A division of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord.

Question 12

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 12

Nerves that connect the rest of the body to the central nervous system.

Question 13

Afferent pathway

Answer 13

Sensory pathway that relays information to the central nervous system.

Question 14

Efferent pathway

Answer 14

A motor pathway that relays information from the central nervous system to the rest of the body.

Question 15

What electrolytes does the nervous system require for proper function?

Answer 15

Sodium, potassium, magnesium, and water.

Question 16

Two subdivisions of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):

Answer 16

Somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

Question 17

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 17

Specialized structures that respond to mechanical forces (touch and
pressure) within tissues and then transmit signals through sensory
nerves.

Question 18

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 18

Nerves that serve the outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle and
are largely responsible for the voluntary control of movement.

Question 19

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 19

A division of the peripheral nervous system that supplies neural input to organs that run the involuntary processes of the body (e.g., circulating blood, digesting food, producing hormones).

Question 20

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 20

Subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that works to increase
neural activity and put the body in a heightened state.

Question 21

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 21

Subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that works to decrease
neural activity and put the body in a more relaxed state.

Question 22

Proprioception

Answer 22

The body’s ability to naturally sense its general orientation and relative position of its parts.

Question 23

Cognitive Stage

Answer 23

You may need to use simple instructions and break down the skill into smaller steps so your clients will be able to understand the goals of the movement.

Question 24

Associative Stage

Answer 24

You may need to help refine your clients’ skills through practice and regular feedback.

Question 25

Autonomous Stage

Answer 25

You may be able to teach your clients new versions of the skill to further challenge them.