chpt 10 key concepts

Question 1

Fundamental Niche

Answer 1

the range of abiotic conditions under which a species can persist

Question 2

Realized Niche

Answer 2

range of both abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species can persist

Question 3

Population

Answer 3

group of interacting organisms of the same species living in the same place at the same time

bound by:
-geography
-behavior
-resources
-convenience

Question 4

Population Structure

Answer 4

features that characterize the population

Question 5

Distribution Limits

Answer 5

-physical environment limits geographic distribution
-organisms can only compensate so much for environmental variation

Question 6

Geographical Range

Answer 6

-a geographic area in which a species occurs
-measures the total area covered by a population

Question 7

Two Types of Geographical Range

Answer 7

Ubiquitous or Cosmopolitan Species
-geographically widespread distribution
Endemic Species
-geographically restricted distribution
-many endemic species have specialized habitat requirements

Question 8

Three Types of Distribution Patterns

Answer 8

-Clumped Dispersion
-Evenly Spaced Dispersion (Regular,Uniform,Even)
-Random Dispersion

Question 9

Clumped Dispersion

Answer 9

attraction between individual or attraction of individual to a common resource

factors:
-heterogenous resource distribution
-abundant where it was found
-mutual attraction between individuals
-weak dispersal tendencies

Question 10

Evenly Spaced Dispersion

Answer 10

antagonistic interactions between individual or local depletion of resource

factors:
-homogenous resource distribution
-relatively common but somewhat limited
-individuals avoid one another (aggressive behaviors and competion)

Question 11

Random Dispersion

Answer 11

the position of each individual is independent of the position of other individual (lack of pattern)

factors:
-random distribution of resources
-resources not limiting overall
-amounts vary across landscape
-lack of strong interactive or social forces (little competition or aggression and no mutual interaction)

Question 12

Census

Answer 12

counting every individual in a population

Question 13

Survey

Answer 13

counting a subset of the population

Question 14

Area and Volume base survey

Answer 14

define the boundaries of an area or volume
it counts all the individuals in that space

Question 15

Line transect surveys

Answer 15

count the number of individual observed as one moves along a line

Question 16

Mark recapture survey

Answer 16

researchers capture and mark a subset of a population
capture a second sample of the population after some time has passed

Question 17

Organism Size and Population Density

Answer 17

the density of a population is negatively correlated to the body mass of an individual

small species - live at high densities - less resources
large species - live at low densities - more resources

Question 18

Lifetime dispersal distance

Answer 18

the average distance an individual moves from where it was hatched or born to where it reproduces

Question 19

Dispersal limitation

Answer 19

absence of a population from suitable habitat because of barriers to dispersal

Question 20

Habitat corridor

Answer 20

strip of favorable habitat located between two large patches of habitat that facilitates dispersal