chapt 7&8 key terms

Question 1

life history

Answer 1

schedule of an organisms growth, development, reproduction and survival

Question 2

fecundity

Answer 2

the number of offspring produced by an organism per reproductive episode

Question 3

parity

Answer 3

the number of reproductive episodes an organisms experiences

Question 4

parental investment

Answer 4

the amount of time of energy given to an offspring by its parents

Question 5

longevity

Answer 5

life span of an organism

Question 6

principal of allocation

Answer 6

the observation that when resources are devoted to one body structure, physiological fxn or behavior they cannot be allocated to another

Question 7

coefficient of determination

Answer 7

an index that tells how well data fit to a line

Question 8

determinate growth

Answer 8

a growth pattern in which an individual does not grow any more once it initiates reproduction

Question 9

interminate growth

Answer 9

a growth pattern in which an individual continues to grow after it initiates reproduction

Question 10

semelparity

Answer 10

when organisms reproduce only once during their life

Question 11

iteroparity

Answer 11

when organisms reproduce multiple times during their life

Question 12

annual

Answer 12

an organism that has a life span of one year

Question 13

perennial

Answer 13

organism that has a life span of more than one year

Question 14

senescene

Answer 14

a gradual decrease in fecundity and an increase in the probability of mortality

Question 15

photoperiod

Answer 15

amount of light that occurs each day

Question 16

sexual reproduction

Answer 16

reproduction mechanism in which progeny inherit DNA from two parents through union of two gametes

Question 17

asexual reproduction

Answer 17

reproduction mechanism in which progeny inherit DNA from a single parent

Question 18

vegetative reproduction

Answer 18

form of asexual reproduction in which an individual is produced from the nonsexual tissues of a parent

Question 19

clones

Answer 19

individual that descend asexually from the same parent and bear the same genotype

Question 20

binary fission

Answer 20

reproduction through duplication of genes followed by division of the cell into two identical cells

Question 21

pathenogenesis

Answer 21

a form of asexual reproduction in which an embryo is produced without fertilization

Question 22

cost of meiosis

Answer 22

50% reduction in the number of a parents genes passed on to the next generation via sexual reproduction vs asexual reproduction

Question 23

red queen hypothesis

Answer 23

the hypothesis that sexual reproduction allows hosts to evolve at a rate that can counter the rapid evolution of parasites

Question 24

simultaneous hemaphrodite

Answer 24

individuals that possess male and female reproduction fxns at the same time

Question 25

sequential hermaphrodite

Answer 25

individuals that possess male and female reproductive fxns and then switch to possess the other fxns

Question 26

perfect flowers

Answer 26

flowers that contain both male and female parts

Question 27

monoecious

Answer 27

plants that have separate male and female flowers on the same individual

Question 28

dioecious

Answer 28

plants that contain either only male flowers or only female on a single individual

Question 29

environmental sex determination

Answer 29

a process in which sex determined largely by the environment

Question 30

frequency dependent selection

Answer 30

when the rarer phenotype in a population is favored by natural selection

Question 31

local mate competition

Answer 31

when competition for mates occurs in a very limited area and only a few males are required to fertilize all the females

Question 32

mating systems

Answer 32

the number of mates each individual has and the permanence of the relationship with those mates

Question 33

promiscuity

Answer 33

mating system in which males mate with multiple females and females mate with multiple males and do not create a lasting social bond

Question 34

polygamy

Answer 34

mating system in which a single individual of one sex forms long terms social bonds with mates with more than one individual of the opposite sex

Question 35

polygyny

Answer 35

mating system in which a male mates with more than one female

Question 36

polyandry

Answer 36

mating system in which a female mates with more than one male

Question 37

monogamy

Answer 37

mating system in which a social bond btwn one male and one female persists through the period that is required for them to rear their offsprign

Question 38

extra-pair copulations

Answer 38

when an individual that has a social bond with a mate also breeds with other individuals

Question 39

mate guarding

Answer 39

a behavior in which one partner prevents the other partner from participating in extra pair copulations

Question 40

sexual selection

Answer 40

natural selection for sex specific traits related to reproduction

Question 41

sexual dimorphism

Answer 41

the difference in the phenotype btwn males and females of the same species

Question 42

primary sexual characteristics

Answer 42

traits related to fertilization

Question 43

secondary sexual characteristics

Answer 43

traits related to differences btwn the sexes in terms of body size, ornaments, color, and courtship

Question 44

good gene hypothesis

Answer 44

hypothesis that an individual chooses a mate that possesses a superior genotype

Question 45

good health hypothesis

Answer 45

hypothesis that an individual chooses the healthiest mates

Question 46

runaway sexual selection

Answer 46

when selection for preferences of a sexual trait and selection for that trait continue to reinforce each other

Question 47

handicap principle

Answer 47

principle that the greater the handicap an individual carriers, the greater its ability to offset that handicap

Question 48

intrasexual competition

Answer 48

competition btwn species of the same sex

Question 49

intersexual competition

Answer 49

competition btwn species of the opposite sex