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ecology > chapt 7&8 key terms > Flashcards

chapt 7&8 key terms Flashcards

1
Q

life history

A

schedule of an organisms growth, development, reproduction and survival

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2
Q

fecundity

A

the number of offspring produced by an organism per reproductive episode

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3
Q

parity

A

the number of reproductive episodes an organisms experiences

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4
Q

parental investment

A

the amount of time of energy given to an offspring by its parents

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5
Q

longevity

A

life span of an organism

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6
Q

principal of allocation

A

the observation that when resources are devoted to one body structure, physiological fxn or behavior they cannot be allocated to another

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7
Q

coefficient of determination

A

an index that tells how well data fit to a line

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8
Q

determinate growth

A

a growth pattern in which an individual does not grow any more once it initiates reproduction

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9
Q

interminate growth

A

a growth pattern in which an individual continues to grow after it initiates reproduction

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10
Q

semelparity

A

when organisms reproduce only once during their life

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11
Q

iteroparity

A

when organisms reproduce multiple times during their life

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12
Q

annual

A

an organism that has a life span of one year

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13
Q

perennial

A

organism that has a life span of more than one year

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14
Q

senescene

A

a gradual decrease in fecundity and an increase in the probability of mortality

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15
Q

photoperiod

A

amount of light that occurs each day

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16
Q

sexual reproduction

A

reproduction mechanism in which progeny inherit DNA from two parents through union of two gametes

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17
Q

asexual reproduction

A

reproduction mechanism in which progeny inherit DNA from a single parent

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18
Q

vegetative reproduction

A

form of asexual reproduction in which an individual is produced from the nonsexual tissues of a parent

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19
Q

clones

A

individual that descend asexually from the same parent and bear the same genotype

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20
Q

binary fission

A

reproduction through duplication of genes followed by division of the cell into two identical cells

21
Q

pathenogenesis

A

a form of asexual reproduction in which an embryo is produced without fertilization

22
Q

cost of meiosis

A

50% reduction in the number of a parents genes passed on to the next generation via sexual reproduction vs asexual reproduction

23
Q

red queen hypothesis

A

the hypothesis that sexual reproduction allows hosts to evolve at a rate that can counter the rapid evolution of parasites

24
Q

simultaneous hemaphrodite

A

individuals that possess male and female reproduction fxns at the same time

25
Q

sequential hermaphrodite

A

individuals that possess male and female reproductive fxns and then switch to possess the other fxns

26
Q

perfect flowers

A

flowers that contain both male and female parts

27
Q

monoecious

A

plants that have separate male and female flowers on the same individual

28
Q

dioecious

A

plants that contain either only male flowers or only female on a single individual

29
Q

environmental sex determination

A

a process in which sex determined largely by the environment

30
Q

frequency dependent selection

A

when the rarer phenotype in a population is favored by natural selection

31
Q

local mate competition

A

when competition for mates occurs in a very limited area and only a few males are required to fertilize all the females

32
Q

mating systems

A

the number of mates each individual has and the permanence of the relationship with those mates

33
Q

promiscuity

A

mating system in which males mate with multiple females and females mate with multiple males and do not create a lasting social bond

34
Q

polygamy

A

mating system in which a single individual of one sex forms long terms social bonds with mates with more than one individual of the opposite sex

35
Q

polygyny

A

mating system in which a male mates with more than one female

36
Q

polyandry

A

mating system in which a female mates with more than one male

37
Q

monogamy

A

mating system in which a social bond btwn one male and one female persists through the period that is required for them to rear their offsprign

38
Q

extra-pair copulations

A

when an individual that has a social bond with a mate also breeds with other individuals

39
Q

mate guarding

A

a behavior in which one partner prevents the other partner from participating in extra pair copulations

40
Q

sexual selection

A

natural selection for sex specific traits related to reproduction

41
Q

sexual dimorphism

A

the difference in the phenotype btwn males and females of the same species

42
Q

primary sexual characteristics

A

traits related to fertilization

43
Q

secondary sexual characteristics

A

traits related to differences btwn the sexes in terms of body size, ornaments, color, and courtship

44
Q

good gene hypothesis

A

hypothesis that an individual chooses a mate that possesses a superior genotype

45
Q

good health hypothesis

A

hypothesis that an individual chooses the healthiest mates

46
Q

runaway sexual selection

A

when selection for preferences of a sexual trait and selection for that trait continue to reinforce each other

47
Q

handicap principle

A

principle that the greater the handicap an individual carriers, the greater its ability to offset that handicap

48
Q

intrasexual competition

A

competition btwn species of the same sex

49
Q

intersexual competition

A

competition btwn species of the opposite sex

ecology (9 decks)

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