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PS271 > chp 7 > Flashcards

chp 7 Flashcards

1
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalography

electrodes on scalp pick up electrical signals

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2
Q

MEG

A

magnetoencephalogrpahy

sensors detect magnetic indicators of brain activity and seizures

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3
Q

CT

A

computed tomography

shows slice of brain, detect lesions

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4
Q

PET

A

positron emission tomography

dye into bloodstream, follow path into active brain

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5
Q

fMRI

A

tracks o2 use in brain, most active parts

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6
Q

brain stimulation

A

used on animals and awake ppl

transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stim

used to create “virtual lesions” by temp turning off parts of brain and seeing impact

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7
Q

BOLD

A

blood oxygenation level dependent
- measured by fmri
- imaging signals and blood mvmnt imaging

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8
Q

issues w brain imaging

A

all parts of brain are active to a degree

brain activity in resp to stim does NOT mean the same psych process happens whenever it’s stimmed

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9
Q

thalamus vs hypothalamus

A

thalamus: reg arousal, sorts sensory info and sends to brain regions
- damage = tremors, coma, schizo, lack awareness

hypothal: secretes hormones related to motivation and appetite

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10
Q

hippocampus

A

processes memory

clive wearing: virus destroyed hippocampus, cannot form new memories

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11
Q

nucleus accumbens

A

responds to pleasure, dopamine

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12
Q

frontal cortex

A

divided into 2 lobes

assoc w cog function, planning, understanding
- less active w alcohol
- devs until 25 y/o

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13
Q

amygdala

A

links perceptions and thoughts w emotional meaning

emtoions, threats, rewards
anx, sociability, sexuality

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14
Q

left vs right frontal lobes

A

left: active in emotions
- approach
- emotional stability
- inhibit rxns to unpleasant stim

right: unpleasant emotions
- withdrawal
- neuroticism

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15
Q

elliot

A

tumour surgery destroyed frontal lobes
- kept memory, math skills, personality, high IQ

lost ability to feel pos/neg emotions or prioritize, make decisions

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16
Q

somatic marker hypothesis

A

somatic/emotional part of thought needed to problem solve and make decisions

emotions allow us to make decisions that max pos outcomes and min -ve

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17
Q

phineas gage

A

became impulsive bcs of lobe damage

self-control and reg impulses

18
Q

helemuth buxbaum

A

from london, ON

stroke in right lobes, paralyzed left body
- 6 kids and married
- used cocaine and prostitutes
- took insurance on wife and arranged murder, convicted
- did not say stroke was defense, but wouldn’t have acted same way w/o

19
Q

capgras syndrome

A

amygdala damage severs connection b/w emotion and visual stimuli

don’t recog ppl bcs lack familiarity

emotional and cognition needed for functioning

20
Q

orbitofrontal cortex

A

social reasoning, reward eval, read others, emotion

21
Q

insula

A

disgust, empathy

22
Q

ACC

A

anterior cingulate cortex

perception of phys and emot pain

imp for experiencing normal emotions, INHIBITS AMYGDALA
- controls emotion and impulses

23
Q

FASD

A

fetal alcohol syndrome disorder
- under-diagnosed bcs symps can occur in adolescence

any drinking unsafe regardless of doctor approval, since don’t know tipping point

father drinks 72 days w/in conception, can cause FASD
- genetic diffs from alcohol can be carried on

24
Q

charles whitman

A

US marines sniper

killed mother and wife, then 11 people on texas campus

pre-death, sought medical attention for headaches and violent urges
- went to police to ask for help, prevent actions

suicide note asked for autopsy: found tumour that interfered w amygdala-ACC circuit
- cannot control impulses or emotions

25
Q

dr mate

A

canadian med doctor works w addiction

ppl become addicted to cope w emotional pain
- trauma CHANGES BRAIN and leads to addiction vulnerability

26
Q

ACEs

A

adverse childhood experiences
- 10 qs, high score = high risk

questions abt:
- incarcerated parents, divorce, abuse, domestic violence, alcoholic parent, abandonment, death, neglect

27
Q

C and X system

A

c system: reflective, cog functioning and reasoning

x system: reflexive, emotional process and instinct

28
Q

prefrontal leuctomy

A

damage small area of white matter behind frontal lobes

meant to dec overactive lobes and arousal

29
Q

prefrontal lobotomy

A

remove whole sections of frontal lobes

become shell of person, similar to brain damage patients

now replaced w drugs

30
Q

galen

A

said personality depended on balance of humours

31
Q

neurons and types

A

neuron: dendrite and axon
- release NT from synaptic cleft, attach to receptors on receiving neuron
- promote/inhib impulse transmission

afferent neuron: PNS to CNS
efferent: CNS to PNS
interneurons: org and reg transmissions b/w neurons
- biggest bundle in brain

32
Q

endorphins

A

inhibt neural transmission of pain

natural opiates

33
Q

dopamine

A

responds to rewards and approaching attractive things
- sociability, activity lvl, novelty seeking
- lacking –> parkinson’s

assoc w PLASTICITY: extraversion and openness

related to bipolar and impulsivity

activated by behavioural activation system/BAS

34
Q

serotonin

A

INHIBITION of behav impulses

related to stability

35
Q

SSRIs

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- inc serotonin by prevent reuptake
- i.e. prozac

psych effects controversial
- pos effects, personality changes for ppl w diangosis
- dec neg emotions w/o changing positive ones

36
Q

issues w SSRI treatment

A

st john’s wort interferes w birth control pill

akathasia: inner restlessness

ppl w BPD can get mania and hypomania

tremors, can inc anx

takes a week to inc mood

37
Q

epi and NE

A

released by adrenal medulla
- in resp to stress, cause fight/flight resp
- women resp diff to stress i.e. tend and befriend…related to oxytocin

initial and automatic resp to stress

38
Q

testosterone

A

10x higher in men
dec w fatherhood and marriage, inc w divorce

anabolic steroid users inc aggression, dec sex
women inc crime and sex

39
Q

cortisol

A

released by stress

anx and depressed have chronically high lvls

low lvls = ptsd, sensation seeking

40
Q

oxytocin

A

mother-child bond, attachment, sexual response

dec fear, inc trustworthiness and attractiveness

facilitates approach behav

41
Q

big 5 and brain

A

serotonin assoc w stability
dopamine assoc w plasticity

PS271 (13 decks)

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