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PS271 > CHAPTER 5 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 5 Flashcards

1
Q

ways to study personality

A
  1. single trait
  2. many trait
  3. essential trait
  4. typological approach
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2
Q

traits

A

characterize avg behav across time and situations

can be used to PREDICT BEHAV and life outcomes

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3
Q

density distribution of behav and states

A

diff behav/states over time and situations

intellect and agreeableness fairly stables vs extraversion not

ppl don’t act the same ALL the time

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4
Q

single-trait approach

A

studies one trait and the behavioural correlates/life outcomes

i.e. self monitoring, narcissism, machiavellian personality

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5
Q

self-monitoring

A

deg to which inner/outer selves and behaviours are same/diff across situations

high self monitors: look for cues in soc situations then adapt
- popular, sensitive, many friends
- two faced, lack integrity

low self monitors: consistent across situations, guided by inner personality
- integrity, honest
- insensitive, inflexible, anxiety
- feel victimized by life

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6
Q

emotional expressiveness

A

expressive ppl seen as charismatic and attractive

extraversion and dominance related

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7
Q

narcissism

A

excessive self-love, charming, make good initial impression
- manipulative, overbear, entitled, vain

small amount is positive i.e. funder’s first law

selfish w little empathy, expect special treatment
- pos feelings as kid, can become depressed

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8
Q

narcissistic rage

A

excessive anger in resp to criticism that may be imagined

explanation: have superior sense of self to hide feelings of inadequacy

lash out when false self image is challenged

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9
Q

machiavellian personality

A

originally desc in book “the prince”

thinks it’s okay to manipulate and take advantage of others for personal gain
- stable personality trait

charming, social skills, persuasive

-ve correlation w conscientiousness and honesty/humility

NOT aggressive or impulsive like APD/P, do not consider self superior like narcissists

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10
Q

many trait approach

A

examines many traits at once, placing in clusters

correlation b/w 1 behav and many traits

i.e. california q-set, talking, political beliefs

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11
Q

talking

A

use of certain words are related to being perceived as smart, fluent, go to for advice

how behav indicates traits

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12
Q

conservative vs liberal

A

conservative: anxious kids, loyal, authority, purity, easy to disgust

liberal: confident kids, independent, self-reliant

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13
Q

essential traits approach

A

approach that reduces traits to essential ones

i.e. murray, block and block, eysenk, FFM

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14
Q

murray

A

says there’s 20 needs i.e. aggression, autonomy, exhibition, order

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15
Q

block and block

A

ego control: impulse control
ego resiliency: psych adjustment

overcontrolled ppl inhib impulses, undercontrolled act on it

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16
Q

catell

A

used factor analytic approach to reduce traits

did by hand, found 16 essential traits…may be too many

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17
Q

eysenck

A

said 3 traits

extraversion: outgoing, assertive
neuroticism: unstable emot, sensitive
psychoticism: aggressive, creative, impulsive

18
Q

auke tellegen

A

made personality questionnaire that IDed 3 superfactors

positive emotionality
negative emotionality: neuroticism
constraint

updated eysenck’s 3 traits

19
Q

how was big 5 discovered

A

via lexical hypothesis: if smth is important, ppl will have words for it

looked for traits w most words and universal

used factor analysis

other personality tests tend to fit big 5

20
Q

openness

A

most controversial, open to culture/intellect, experience

  • creative, imaginative, open-minded
  • likely to do drugs
  • nature, music, environ causes

less replicable across samples and cultures

prone to overclaim i.e. ufos, astrology

21
Q

conscientiousness

A

dutifull, follow rules, ambitious

ideal employee

live longer, avoid risks, considerate

also found in animals

22
Q

extraversion

A

work hard, outgoing, active, dominant

pos influence on behaviour, express pos emotions

cons:
- arugmentative, steal friends, need control

eysenck says introverts more likely to withdraw after being exposed to bright stimulus

23
Q

agreeableness

A

friendly, conform, warm, easy to get along with

  • dont’ smoke or do crime
  • unlikely to be bullied
  • good relationships, fast accident recovery

religion, humour, psych well adj

24
Q

neuroticism

A

aka negative emotionality

ineffective problem solving, strong -ve resp to stress

-vely correlated w happiness and phys health

tendency towards vulnerability and psychopathology

25
implications of big 5
not 100% independent, since some overlap of features general factor of personality: when big 5 combo in desirable direction, core factor is emotional intelligence
26
plasticity and emotional stability
plasticity: extraversion and openness emotional stability: low N, high A and C
27
hexaco model
6 personality humility/honesty: non-manipulative, are not willing to cheat or steal, feel equal to others
28
types
summaries of how ppl stand on large number of traits cannot PREDICT like traits can...can only predict depending on the traits w/in the type
29
typolocial approach
uses types to explain ppl 3 types of types that were replicable: 1. well-adjusted: flex, adaptive, interpersonally successful 2. maladjusted overcontrolling: uptight, denies pleasure 3. maladjusted undercontrolling: too impulsive, unsafe sex and crime
30
cut-off scores for types
usually normally distributed very similar ppl can be put into diff types
31
myer-briggs
extroversion vs introversion sensing vs intuition thinking vs feeling judgment vs perception used in workplace, schools pop bcs rich and intriguing, says everything is positive criticism: - cannot predict life outcomes - not reliable measure - no evidence that types succeed in diff work
32
normal vs abnormal
mild deg of characteristics doesn't indicate a disorder normal traits are assoc w range of psychopathologies i.e. schizo = creative, unusual, original
33
personality disorder
extreme and inflexible traits that cause distress or impaired social/occupational function adolescent or YA onset - stable across life - not bcs of mood or injury
34
smith and personality
says personality disorder comes from disrupted attachment bonds 1. copy inward: person does to self what others did to them as kid 2. copy outward: does to others what others did to them 3. complementary copy: acts to neutralize harmful effects of actions done to them
35
narcissistic personality disorder
pattern of arrogant, exploitative, entitled behav w lack of empathy assoc w other-oriented perfectionism pathological narcissism has 7 factors: narcissistic grandiosity 1. entitlement rage 2. exploitativeness 3. grandiose fantasy 4. self entitled narcissistic vulnerability 5. contingent self-esteem 6. hide self 7. devaluing
36
dark triad of narcissism
narcisssim, pyshcopathy, machiavellian dark tetrad adds sadism
37
antisocial personality disorder
conduct disorder present BEFORE 15 i.e. theft - pattern cont to adulthood - irresponsible, break laws, aggressive comorbid w subs abuse 1-4% pop
38
psychopathy
related to APD but emphasizes psych > behav - lack remorse and shame - charming, thrill seeking - behav causes harm 20% of ppl w APD have P - psychopathic personality in adolescence predicts APD in adulthood 75-80% prisoners meet APD, 15-25% for P
39
etiology APD and P
kids have abnormal prefrontal cortex family: parental rejection, phys abuse, inconsistent/harsh discipline, failure to teach responsibility - may be RESPONSE to kids behav - many ppl from bad families aren't psychos genetics: criminality and APD are heritable - inc concordance in ID twins than frat environ influences: inc parent conflict, dec warmth predicts APD behavs emotion and psychopathy: unresponsive to punishment, lack conditioned fear response - dec skin conductance in rest, less reactive when confronted w averse stim - dec activity amyg and hypothal - dec prefrontal
40
therapy for psychopaths
not recommended bcs can't trust/dev bond w therapist - may teach to lie/manipulate better same say can help, most therapists refuse to treat

PS271 (13 decks)

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