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PS271 > CHAPTER 5 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 5 Flashcards

1
Q

ways to study personality

A
  1. single trait
  2. many trait
  3. essential trait
  4. typological approach
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2
Q

traits

A

characterize avg behav across time and situations

can be used to PREDICT BEHAV and life outcomes

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3
Q

density distribution of behav and states

A

diff behav/states over time and situations

intellect and agreeableness fairly stables vs extraversion not

ppl don’t act the same ALL the time

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4
Q

single-trait approach

A

studies one trait and the behavioural correlates/life outcomes

i.e. self monitoring, narcissism, machiavellian personality

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5
Q

self-monitoring

A

deg to which inner/outer selves and behaviours are same/diff across situations

high self monitors: look for cues in soc situations then adapt
- popular, sensitive, many friends
- two faced, lack integrity

low self monitors: consistent across situations, guided by inner personality
- integrity, honest
- insensitive, inflexible, anxiety
- feel victimized by life

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6
Q

emotional expressiveness

A

expressive ppl seen as charismatic and attractive

extraversion and dominance related

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7
Q

narcissism

A

excessive self-love, charming, make good initial impression
- manipulative, overbear, entitled, vain

small amount is positive i.e. funder’s first law

selfish w little empathy, expect special treatment
- pos feelings as kid, can become depressed

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8
Q

narcissistic rage

A

excessive anger in resp to criticism that may be imagined

explanation: have superior sense of self to hide feelings of inadequacy

lash out when false self image is challenged

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9
Q

machiavellian personality

A

originally desc in book “the prince”

thinks it’s okay to manipulate and take advantage of others for personal gain
- stable personality trait

charming, social skills, persuasive

-ve correlation w conscientiousness and honesty/humility

NOT aggressive or impulsive like APD/P, do not consider self superior like narcissists

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10
Q

many trait approach

A

examines many traits at once, placing in clusters

correlation b/w 1 behav and many traits

i.e. california q-set, talking, political beliefs

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11
Q

talking

A

use of certain words are related to being perceived as smart, fluent, go to for advice

how behav indicates traits

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12
Q

conservative vs liberal

A

conservative: anxious kids, loyal, authority, purity, easy to disgust

liberal: confident kids, independent, self-reliant

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13
Q

essential traits approach

A

approach that reduces traits to essential ones

i.e. murray, block and block, eysenk, FFM

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14
Q

murray

A

says there’s 20 needs i.e. aggression, autonomy, exhibition, order

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15
Q

block and block

A

ego control: impulse control
ego resiliency: psych adjustment

overcontrolled ppl inhib impulses, undercontrolled act on it

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16
Q

catell

A

used factor analytic approach to reduce traits

did by hand, found 16 essential traits…may be too many

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17
Q

eysenck

A

said 3 traits

extraversion: outgoing, assertive
neuroticism: unstable emot, sensitive
psychoticism: aggressive, creative, impulsive

18
Q

auke tellegen

A

made personality questionnaire that IDed 3 superfactors

positive emotionality
negative emotionality: neuroticism
constraint

updated eysenck’s 3 traits

19
Q

how was big 5 discovered

A

via lexical hypothesis: if smth is important, ppl will have words for it

looked for traits w most words and universal

used factor analysis

other personality tests tend to fit big 5

20
Q

openness

A

most controversial, open to culture/intellect, experience

  • creative, imaginative, open-minded
  • likely to do drugs
  • nature, music, environ causes

less replicable across samples and cultures

prone to overclaim i.e. ufos, astrology

21
Q

conscientiousness

A

dutifull, follow rules, ambitious

ideal employee

live longer, avoid risks, considerate

also found in animals

22
Q

extraversion

A

work hard, outgoing, active, dominant

pos influence on behaviour, express pos emotions

cons:
- arugmentative, steal friends, need control

eysenck says introverts more likely to withdraw after being exposed to bright stimulus

23
Q

agreeableness

A

friendly, conform, warm, easy to get along with

  • dont’ smoke or do crime
  • unlikely to be bullied
  • good relationships, fast accident recovery

religion, humour, psych well adj

24
Q

neuroticism

A

aka negative emotionality

ineffective problem solving, strong -ve resp to stress

-vely correlated w happiness and phys health

tendency towards vulnerability and psychopathology

25
Q

implications of big 5

A

not 100% independent, since some overlap of features

general factor of personality: when big 5 combo in desirable direction, core factor is emotional intelligence

26
Q

plasticity and emotional stability

A

plasticity: extraversion and openness

emotional stability: low N, high A and C

27
Q

hexaco model

A

6 personality

humility/honesty: non-manipulative, are not willing to cheat or steal, feel equal to others

28
Q

types

A

summaries of how ppl stand on large number of traits

cannot PREDICT like traits can…can only predict depending on the traits w/in the type

29
Q

typolocial approach

A

uses types to explain ppl

3 types of types that were replicable:

  1. well-adjusted: flex, adaptive, interpersonally successful
  2. maladjusted overcontrolling: uptight, denies pleasure
  3. maladjusted undercontrolling: too impulsive, unsafe sex and crime
30
Q

cut-off scores for types

A

usually normally distributed

very similar ppl can be put into diff types

31
Q

myer-briggs

A

extroversion vs introversion
sensing vs intuition
thinking vs feeling
judgment vs perception

used in workplace, schools

pop bcs rich and intriguing, says everything is positive

criticism:
- cannot predict life outcomes
- not reliable measure
- no evidence that types succeed in diff work

32
Q

normal vs abnormal

A

mild deg of characteristics doesn’t indicate a disorder

normal traits are assoc w range of psychopathologies

i.e. schizo = creative, unusual, original

33
Q

personality disorder

A

extreme and inflexible traits that cause distress or impaired social/occupational function

adolescent or YA onset
- stable across life
- not bcs of mood or injury

34
Q

smith and personality

A

says personality disorder comes from disrupted attachment bonds

  1. copy inward: person does to self what others did to them as kid
  2. copy outward: does to others what others did to them
  3. complementary copy: acts to neutralize harmful effects of actions done to them
35
Q

narcissistic personality disorder

A

pattern of arrogant, exploitative, entitled behav w lack of empathy

assoc w other-oriented perfectionism

pathological narcissism has 7 factors:

narcissistic grandiosity
1. entitlement rage
2. exploitativeness
3. grandiose fantasy
4. self entitled

narcissistic vulnerability
5. contingent self-esteem
6. hide self
7. devaluing

36
Q

dark triad of narcissism

A

narcisssim, pyshcopathy, machiavellian

dark tetrad adds sadism

37
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

conduct disorder present BEFORE 15 i.e. theft
- pattern cont to adulthood
- irresponsible, break laws, aggressive

comorbid w subs abuse

1-4% pop

38
Q

psychopathy

A

related to APD but emphasizes psych > behav
- lack remorse and shame
- charming, thrill seeking
- behav causes harm

20% of ppl w APD have P
- psychopathic personality in adolescence predicts APD in adulthood

75-80% prisoners meet APD, 15-25% for P

39
Q

etiology APD and P

A

kids have abnormal prefrontal cortex

family: parental rejection, phys abuse, inconsistent/harsh discipline, failure to teach responsibility
- may be RESPONSE to kids behav
- many ppl from bad families aren’t psychos

genetics: criminality and APD are heritable
- inc concordance in ID twins than frat

environ influences: inc parent conflict, dec warmth predicts APD behavs

emotion and psychopathy: unresponsive to punishment, lack conditioned fear response
- dec skin conductance in rest, less reactive when confronted w averse stim
- dec activity amyg and hypothal
- dec prefrontal

40
Q

therapy for psychopaths

A

not recommended bcs can’t trust/dev bond w therapist
- may teach to lie/manipulate better

same say can help, most therapists refuse to treat

PS271 (9 decks)

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