chp 6 Flashcards
Routes of drug administration
- injecting - intrathecal/intravenous
- orally (most convienent)
- inhaled
- absorbing in skin or tounge
which organ catabolizes drugs (breaks down)
liver
what barrier does every drug have to get by?
the BBB tight endothilial cell junctions
Intrathecal
drugs injected into the brain/spinal cord
intravenous
injection into the blood stream
Which method of drug route has the greatest barriers to cross and therefore needs a high dosage
oral
agonist at the synapse
increase or prolong activity of the NT
antagonist at the synapse
decrease or shorten activity of the NT
where do psychoactive drugs work
at the synapse
Low level of ____ is associated with alzheimers
Ach
_____ is associated with Parkinsons disease
Dopamine
_____ is a associated with epilepsy and seizures
Glutamate and GABA
______ is a ssociated with major depression
serotonin
6 steps in synaptic trasmission
- NT synthesis
- NT storage
- NT release
- interaction on receptors
- Reuptake
- degredation of NT
Ach is ____ on skeletal muscles, and _____ on cardiac muscles
excitatory; inhibitory
______ is an agonist that blocks Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
Physostigmine
Botulinum toxin (botulin) is an _____, _____ the realse of ___
antagonist; blocking; Ach
Black widow spider venom is an _____, _____ the realse of ___
agonist; promoting ; Ach
Curare is an ____ that ____ Ach from binding to receptors
antagonist; prevents
Nicotine is an ______ that _____ ionotropic receptors
agonist; stimulates
does a Choline-rich diet increase Ach
yes.
Types of tolerance
metabolic tolerance
cellular tolerance
learned tolerance
metabolic tolerance
a. enzymes involved in degreding drugs after exposure
b. body metabolizes the drug more quikcly
cellular tolerance
a. cells adjust activity levels to minimize the effects of teh drug
b. can explain why there are few behavioural effects even at concentrations
learned tolerance
a. individulas learn to cope with daily lfie while using the drug
b. knowing what to expect can reduce the height of the feeling
sensitization to a drug
increased responsiveness to a drug with repeated use
can cause lasting effects on the neuron and the dendrites
Can drugs cause brain damage?
yes.
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) reselmbles glutamate and can cause —>
a. apoptosis
b. glutamate excitotoxicity
molly.ecstasy can cause permanent brain dmg to serotonergic neurons
street drugs can also be laced with harming contaminants
psycoactive durgs groups (5)
group 1: antianxiety agents/sedative
group 2: antipsychotic agents
group 3: antidepressants/mood
group 4: analegisic opioids
group 5: psychotropics
what is addiction
abuse pattern where a person relies on a drug chronically or excessivly
Withdrawl symptoms
occurs when addict stops using the drug —> generally feels the opposite effects that the drug gave them
wanting-and-liking theory
wanting = craving the drug
liking = the pleasure of the drug
they get further apart the more they are used
wanting is assocated with ____ _____ system
mesolimbic dopamine
Many hormones act as NTs over a ____ range, and many NTs act as hormones over a ______ range
short; longer
Steroid hormones
a. test, estrogen, sex hormones
b. cortisol is a stress hormone
c. lipid soluble, so easy to enter cell
Peptide hormones
a. made of amino acid chains
b. bind to metabotropic receptors to activate secondary messengers
Hormone classifications
- Homeostatic hormones
- gonadal hormones
- glucocroticoids
homeostatic hormones
regulate physiological proccesses
- diabetes is an example of things going wrong - insulin
- hunger and satiety - Ghrelin triggers eating - Leptin triggers satiety
Gonadal Hormones
infulences reproductive behaviours and develepment
Estrogen and Testosterone
Glucocorticoid Hormones
stress hormones that prepare flight-or-flight (sympathetic response) PNS
cotisol, Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), adrencorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
