ch 18 - memory Flashcards
what are the types of memory
Long-term - years
Short-term - days
emotional memory - noxious memory
Explicit memory - recall either
a. episodic: personal facts
b. semantic: facts or stats (left hemisphere)
Implicit - unconscious behaviours
emotional memory (exp and imp) - noxious memory
what brain regions involved in explicit
hippocampus,
prefrontal cortex PFC
what brain regions involved in implicit
cerebellum,
basal ganglia (habit)
what brain regions involved in emotional memory
amygdala (fear)
hippocampus,
pre frontal cortex PFC
who is Henry Molaison?
got surgery to remove portions of his medial temporal lobe, amygdala, and hippocampus, to treat epilepsy
couldnt form new memories (anterograde amnesia)
he could still learn motor skills but couldnt remember what he had done before
lost some previous memories (retrograde amnesia)
what kind of memory is lost with retrograde amnesia
destination memory (memory of past interactions)
what kind of memory is lost with anterograde amnesia
prospective amnesia (remebering things you intend to do)
difference between prospective memory and destination memory
prospective - thing you intend to do (call mom)
destination - thing from past (who told you that)
what causes childhood amnesia?
rapid proliferation in hippocampal neurons disrupt early stored memories
what is fugue state
forgeting personal history (trauma)
what is autonoetic awarness?
aware that there is a continuum connection from our past, present and future
what brain regions are involved in autonoetic awareness?
insual
uncinate fasciculus
temporal lobe
bottom of frontal lobe
what part of the hippocampus, if damaged, is associated with amnesia?
CA1: more damage, worse or longer amnesia
bad episodic memory (personal) but normal sematic (random facts)
what does the temporal cortex have to do with memory?
The Rhinal cotext (part of temporal lobe) includes a pathway that sends info into the hippocampus
if there is issues with memory it might not be the hippocampus… instead the Rhinal cortex
which side of the temporal cortex is damaged when a patient has impaired facial recognition
the RIGHT Temporal Cortex
which side of the temporal cortex is damaged when a patient has impaired memory, specifically for word-lists and letter sounds
the LEFT Temporal Cortex
Damage to the Left preFrontal Cortex impacts which type of memory?
episodic (personal facts)
specifically,
Left = encoding those memories
Right = retriving those memories
Damage to the Right preFrontal Cortex impacts which type of memory?
episodic (personal facts)
specifically,
Left = encoding those memories
Right = retriving those memories
How did H.M. show his implicit memory was preserved after surgery?
the mirror test (he did this)
other examples: priming test, inclomplete figures test
he got better at tracing the shapes but forgot right after it happened
thus, his implicit muscle memory was intact
what is the priming test
showing a priming sequence of words or images (often without them realizing) and then asking people a question related to those words
they often will answer in accordance to the primer
tin 5x
what is an aluminum can made of
what is the incomplete figures test?
similar to the priming test where people were shown vague images and more would be revealed
Days later… they would guess the image with less info because they remembered the vague shape
what is classical conditioning
doing something unexpected with simulus beforehand, and subject will expect it next time
which part of the brain is most involved in classical conditioning
the cerebellum
because, it projects expected movements based on stimulus
lesions in rabbits failed to remeber a burst of air from the eyeblink-conditioning test
frontal lobe damage is assocaited with which memoruy
short term
left frontal = verbal short term
right frontal = non-verbal short term
what is proactive interference in short term memory loss
frontal lobe damage made patients forget the last list (interference)
5 lists
4- same catagory
1- different
control group remebered same from all lists
what are two examples of special memory abilities
Savant Syndrome - remeber numbers from years ago
Superior Autobiographical memory - remembers everything from their personal past
What are two theories of memory**
System consolidation theory: Hippocampus
consolidates new memories, which are then stored elsewhere in the cortex.
Reconsolidation theory: as memories are recalled, they are changed or edited before being reconsolidated/recalled in their new form.
