ch 22 - attention, mental images and consciousness Flashcards
whats the difference between attention and conciousness?
attention is the information processing
consciousness is the subjective experience
attention without consciousness is processing info without being aware
consciousness without attention could be relaxing (aware or being aware)
what is automatic proccessing
doesnt need very much focus or attention to perform and can happen unconciously
bottom-up
what is a conscious operation or task?
requires attention like chess
top-down
do concious and automatic processing use different parts of the brain?
likely, yes
difference between serial search and feature search
feature search is fast lik finding red in blue dots
serial search you must check 1 by 1 and takes time
what is V1 and V2
primary visual cortex V1
secondary visul cortex V2
(recives info from V1)
V1 is for features like colour and shape
V2 is for complex patterns like textures
T or F V1 is used in feature search
T; true
What did Treismans model tell us
Treismans model of Feature search states that we compair what we are seeing to our memories description which helps make it easier if you have seen it before
In Treismans model were participant able to find sad or happy faces faster?
sad faces
its because of threat detection advantage from evolution
what is a Priority map
you scan for things with behavioural significance (threat;reward)
In visual attention what does the frontal eye field do
helps control eye movements and attention shifts
In visual attention what does the lateral intaparietal area (LIP) involvced in?
its involved in spatial awareness and deciding where to look
In visual attention what does the superior colliculus do?
controls rapid eye movements to focus on whats important
T or F, there is one attention system
F;false
one system selects stimuli (decides what to focus on) Superior colliculus and intraparietal area (LIP)
another direct the movements (frontal eye field)
do higher visual areas like V4 get activated when more attention is needed?
yes
What are the networks involved in attention?
- alerting network
- orienting network
- executive network
what are the structures in the alerting network and what is the NT (attention)
1 Locus coeruleus (LC)
2 Frontal cortex
3 parietal cortex
4. midbrain
Norepinephrine
what are the structures in the orienting network and what is the NT (attention)
1 Superior parietal & Temporal parietal (ventral oreinting network-bottom-up)
2 Frontal eye fields (dorsal orienting network- topdown)
3 Superior colliculus
4 Pulvinar
5 junction
Acetylcholine (cholinergic neurons)
what are the structures in the executive network and what is the NT (attention)
1 Anterior cingulate
2 Anterior insula (always active during task)
3 Basal ganglia
4. Dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex–parietal network
Dopamine
which stucture from the executive network is always active? (attention)
2 Anterior insula (always active during task)
which structure from the orienting network is sub-categorized as the ventral orienting network or bottom-up
1 Superior parietal & Temporal parietal (ventral oreinting network-bottom-up)
which structure from the orienting network is sub-categorized as the dorsal orienting network or topdown
2 Frontal eye fields (dorsal orienting network- topdown)
which stucture from the executive network is only active at the beginning of a task? (attention)
- Dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex–parietal network
what is self control?
Controlling cognition and emotions is a form of self-control
what parts of the brain are involved in self-control
(EXECTUTIVE NETWORK/CONTROL) control is associated with activity in the lateral prefrontal and
cingulate regions
how does stress affect self control
stress changes structures in the PFC leading to neuropsychiatric conditions
how does stress impair performace of students attention
by decreasing activity in EXECUTIVE CONTROL
1. dorsolateral prefrontal
cortex
2. anterior cingulate,
3. premotor, and posterior parietal cortices
what are disorders associated with the Alerting network
aging
ADHD
sleep disorders
what are disorders associated with the Orienting network
Autism
PTSD
spacial neglect
what are disorders associated with the executive network
anxiety
depression
OCD
personality disorder
schizophrenia
drugs
T or F, attention requires synchony between neurons
T;true
During an attention-demanding task, there was increased activity
in the _________________ and decreased activity
in the __________.
executive attention network;
default network
a neural signal of ____ is optimal for establishing synchrony
40 Hz
Multitasking seems to recruit additional _________ areas
prefrontal cortex
People fail to notice something while they are performing
another task, a process known as ______ _______.
inattention blindness
example, 70% of participants failed to
notice a researcher in a gorilla suit walk through the middle of a
basketball game
Subjects routinely fail to notice changes in the environment if
they are not expecting them, which is known as
______ ______.
change blindness
Brain imaging shows unattended items are detected by the
sensory systems, but are filtered out before _____ ______.
conscious awareness
what is the difference between change blindness and inattention blindness
change blindness: miss a change in visual scene
ex: actor’s shirt changes colour in the next clip
inattention blindness: miss something completely visible
ex: gorilla video
what is sensory neglect and what part of the brain is affected
Patients with damage to the right temporoparietal junction do
not attend to the left side of space around them
T or F, Reflexive responses to stimuli are considered indications of
consciousness
F; false
T or F, Conscious awareness of a movement might occur only after the
movement is complete
T; true
what is the Integrated information theory of conciousness?
- Consciousness exists
- unique experinces
- Consciousness is one thing
- individual conciousness is seperated by cause-and-effect relationships
4 processes needed for conciousness ( we think)
arousal,
perception,
attention,
working memory
which parts of the brain are inactive during sleep or coma
EXECUTIVE CONTROL
1. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,
2. medial frontal cortex,
3. posterior parietal cortex,
4 posterior cingulate cortex\
are
all inactive when the participant is unconscious
Some researchers have proposed that the
_______ is the brain region that is critical
in binding together information for conciousness
claustrum
Coma patients can respond to yes and no questions by imagining playing tennis if the answer is yes and walking around their house if the answer is no. The fMRI activity recorded in coma patients is distinct for these two tasks, and the activity for each one resembles what you would observe in
a conscious subject.
just a cool fact
which overlap in brain regions are associated with conciousness and self awareness
a) Medial frontal cortex
b) Posterior cingulate cortex
what is neuroeconomics?
A fairly new interdisciplinary field that studies how the
brain makes decisions
Current research is focused on neuroeconomics and
health psychology to understand how individuals make
decisions about health and wellness behaviours
