ch 8 - sensory system

Question 1

sensation

Answer 1

changes in the sensory system in response to the environment

Question 2

perception

Answer 2

interpretation of the changes in the environment

Question 3

humans can detect sound between ____hz and _____hz

Answer 3

20hz - 20,000hz

Question 4

Red waves are ____ than blue waves

Answer 4

longer

Question 5

Electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 5

radio
micro
infared
visible light
ultraviolet
x-ray
gamma

Question 6

Transduction

Answer 6

the process of changing stimulus into electrochemical signals

sound;hearing
light; seeing
eating ; tast
touch ; feeling/pain

Question 7

stretch sensitve channels

Answer 7

when stretched, Na+ channels open and depolarize the cell

Question 8

Rapidly adapting receptors (RA)

Answer 8

detect change, and send stimulus for a short time (sitting down)

Question 9

Slowly adapting receptors (SA)

Answer 9

they keep sending signal as long as it is stimulated (pinching hand)

Question 10

exteroreceptive

Answer 10

responds to events outside of the body

Question 11

interoreceptive

Answer 11

responds to stimuli indside our body

Question 12

How does Receptor density effect two-point sensitivity

Answer 12

the closer and more dense a spot is with receptors, the more you are able to tell the difference between two points

more dense receptors on palm of hand compared to the back

Question 13

visual subsystems

Answer 13

1. suprachiasmatic nucleus - sleep
2. pretectum - pupil dialation
3. pineal gland - circadian long term
4. superior colliculus - head orientation
5. accessory optic nucleus - eye movment to compensate head movement
6. visual cortex - colour and patterns
7. frontal eye fields - eye movement

Question 14

People with Synesthesia

Answer 14

increased connections simultaneously crossing over senses (qualitative with quantitative)

ex: blue = number 3
ex: sweet = round

Question 15

____ sensory areas initially process the information; _____ sensory areas perform more elborate processing

Answer 15

primary; secondary (higher)

Question 16

___ is the white part of the eye

Answer 16

sclera

Question 17

Optic disc is the ____ spot on the eye

Answer 17

blind spot

Question 18

Rods

Answer 18

better in low light levels
found on around sides of retina

Question 19

cones

Answer 19

better in brigher levels
found more in middle of retina

Question 20

Fovea

Answer 20

the area on the retina where we see the most detail (cones are most dense in this area - middle)

Question 21

____ controls the pupil size

Answer 21

iris

Question 22

the structures of the retina from the back to the front

Answer 22

1. rods and cones
2. bipolar cell
3. ganglion cell
4. optic nerve

Question 23

after crossing the optic chiasm, the optic tract goes to the _____

Answer 23

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)

Question 24

The LGN has 6 layers, what are they

Answer 24

Ipsilateral - 2,3,5

contralateral - 1,4,6

Question 25

how does the optic chiasm work?

Answer 25

right and left visual field hit either the nasal or temporal retina on either eye and the information from the right feild of view is sent to the left side of the brain

Question 26

Pitch perceiveed as ____ Amplitude percevied as ____ complexity percieved as _____

Answer 26

frequency amplitude timbre

Question 27

Outer ear structures

Answer 27

pinna (ear) ear canal

Question 28

middle ear structures

Answer 28

eardrum Ossicles (hammer, anvil, stirrup) oval window

Question 29

Inner ear structures

Answer 29

semicircular canals Cochlea auditory nerve

Question 30

Organ of corti (part of basilar membrane)

Answer 30

has 3 outter hairs has 1 inner cell when the basilar membrane moves, the hairs move under the tectorial membrane - causing ion channels to open

Question 31

base (near oval window) is ____ and tuned for ____ frequencies apex is ____ and tuned for _____ frequncies

Answer 31

thick; high thin; low PLACE THEORY

Question 32

T or F auditory pathways from left cochlea cross the the right hemisphere?

Answer 32

T

Question 33

T or F inferior colliculus send auditory signals to the superior colliculus

Answer 33

F it sends to medial geniculate nuclues then to A1 and A2

Question 34

3 types of somatosensory stimuli

Answer 34

1. nociception - pain 2. hapsis - fine touch and pressure 3. proprioception - location of body