chp 24 test Flashcards
peninsulares
latin americans born in spain
creoles
spaniards born in latin america
mulattos
people of mixed european and african ancestry
simón bolívar
leader of the venezuelan independence movement, a wealthy venezuelan creole general
josé de san martín
leader who helped win independence for chile and argentina, an argentinian creole general
miguel hidalgo
priest who began the revolt against spanish rule in mexico
josé maría morelos
leader of the mexican revolt after hidalgo was defeated
conservative
european who wanted supported and wanted to preserve the monarchies of europe
usually wealthy property owners and nobility
liberal
european who wanted to give more power to elected parliaments/legislatures
usually a middle-class business leader or merchant
radical
european who wanted to end rule by kings and give full voting rights to all people
people who favored drastic change to extend democracy to all people
nationalism
belief that a person’s loyalty belongs to their nation (people with whom they share culture and history) rather than to a king or empire
nation-state
country with its own independent government
the balkans
region including all or part of present-day greece, albania, bulgaria, romania, turkey, and former yugoslavia that was controlled mostly by the ottomans
louis-napoleon
winner of the presidential elections in france in 1848; later emperor
alexander II
ruler of russia who freed the serfs
russification
policy of forcing russian culture on all ethnic groups in the russian empire
camilo di cavour
prime minister who unified northern italy
giuseppe garlbaldi
leader of the red shirts who won control over parts of southern italy
junker
strongly conservative german members of prussia’s wealthy landowning class
supported by wilhelm I
otto con bismarck
chosen by wilhelm I to be his prime minister, leader who worked to expand prussia
realpolitik
tough, practical politics; practice of tough power politics without room for idealism
“the politics of reality”
kaiser
a (german) emperor
romanticism
movement in art and ideas that focused on emotion and nature rather than reason and society
realism
artistic movement in which writers sought to show life as it really was rather than life as it should be
impressionism
movement (mostly in painting) in which artists reacted against realism by seeking to convey their impressions of subjects or moments in time; style of art using light and light-filled colors to produce an “impression”
