chp 23 test

Question 1

old regime

Answer 1

the political and social system that existed in france before the french revolution; system of feudalism

Question 2

estates

Answer 2

the three social classes in france before the french revolution

the first estates consisting of the clergy, the second estate consisting of the nobility, and the third estate consisting of the rest of the population

Question 3

louis XVI

Answer 3

weak king who came to french throne in 1774, before napoleon

Question 4

marie antoinette

Answer 4

wife of louis XVI and unpopular queen of france

Question 5

estates-general

Answer 5

an assembly of representatives from all three estates in france where each estate had one vote

Question 6

national assembly

Answer 6

french congress established by representatives of the third estate to enact laws and reforms in the name of the french people

Question 7

tennis court oath

Answer 7

a pledge made france’s national assembly (third estate representatives) in which they vowed to continue meet until they drew up a new constitution

Question 8

great fear

Answer 8

a wave of panic that spread through the french country side after the storming of the bastille in 1791

Question 9

legislative assembly

Answer 9

an assembly that replaced the national assembly; a french congress with the power to create laws and approve declarations war

established by the constitution of 1791

Question 10

émigrés

Answer 10

nobles and others who left france during the the peasant uprisings of the french revolution and hoped to come back to restore the old system

Question 11

sans-culottes

Answer 11

a radical group in the french revolution made up of parisian wage-earners and small shopkeepers who wanted a greater voice in the government, lower prices, and an end to food shortages

Question 12

jacobin

Answer 12

a member of the jacobin club, a radical political organization

most people who were involved in the governmental changes in september 1792 were members of this

Question 13

guillotine

Answer 13

a machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the french revolution/reign of terror

Question 14

maximilien robespierre

Answer 14

jacobin/revolutionary leader who tried to wipe out every trace of france’s past monarchy and nobility

Question 15

reign of terror

Answer 15

period of robespierre’s rule in which many were executed by the guillotine

Question 16

napoleon bonaparte

Answer 16

military leader who seized power in france

Question 17

coup d’état

Answer 17

a sudden takeover of a government/political power in a nation

Question 18

plebiscites

Answer 18

direct vote by the people in which they they have the opportunity to approve or reject a proposal in a country

Question 19

lycée

Answer 19

a government-run public school in france

created by napoleon; allows people to get into government by merit instead of nobility

Question 20

concord at

Answer 20

a formal agreement

especially between the pope and a government, dealing with the control of Church affairs

Question 21

napoleonic code

Answer 21

a comprehensive and uniform set of law established for france by napoleon that eliminated many injustices

Question 22

battle of trafalgar

Answer 22

a naval battle in which Napoleon’s french forces were defeated by a british fleet under the command of horatio nelson

Question 23

blockade

Answer 23

a forced closing of ports; the use of troops or ships to prevent a commercial traffic from entering or leaving a city of region

Question 24

continental system

Answer 24

napoleon’s policy of preventing rrade and communication between great britain and other european nations

it was intended to destroy great britain’s economy

Question 25

guerrilla

Answer 25

a spanish peasant fighter/member of a loosely organized fighting force that made surprise attack on enemy troops occupying their country

Question 26

peninsular war

Answer 26

a war in which napoleon fought spain; spanish rebels, with the aid of british forces, fought to drive out napoleon’s french troops out of spain

Question 27

scorched-earth policy

Answer 27

the practice/a policy of burning crops and killing livestock so that the enemy cannot live off the land/fun anything to eat

Question 28

waterloo

Answer 28

the battle in belgium that was napoleon’s final defeat

Question 29

hundred days

Answer 29

the brief period when napoleon made his last bid for power, which ended at waterloo; (deposing the french king and again becoming emperor of france)

Question 30

congress of vienna

Answer 30

a series of meetings in vienna during which the european leaders sought to establish long-lasting peace and security after the defeat of napoleon; they were held to restore order to europe

Question 31

klemens con matternich

Answer 31

the austrian prince who was the key leader at the congress of vienna

Question 32

balance of power

Answer 32

a political condition in which no one country becomes powerful enough to pose a threat to others

Question 33

legitimacy

Answer 33

the bringing back to power of kings that napoleon had driven out; the hereditary right of a monarch to rule

Question 34

Holy alliance

Answer 34

a league of european nations formed by russia, austria, and prussia after the congress of vienna

Question 35

concert of europe

Answer 35

a series of alliances among european nations devised by prince klemens bin matternich to help prevent the outbreak of revolutions